Chapters 1 And 2 Key Terms

Front 1

INCAS

Back 1

Began as a tribe in the Cuzco area. Around 1442 the Incas began a far reaching expansion of their empire.

Front 2

MAYAS

Back 2

A Mesoamerican civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems.

Front 3

AZTECS

Back 3

Certain ethnic groups from central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica.

Front 4

CHACO CANYON

Back 4

Between CE 900 and 1150, Chaco Canyon was a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples.

Front 5

WOODLAND INDIANS

Back 5

Native Americans who were culturally and technically advanced tribes who began permanently inhabiting villages.

Front 6

MOBILE SOCIETIES
(NATIVE AMERICANS)

Back 6

A society whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild, foraging and hunting without much domestication.

Front 7

AGRICULTURE
(NATIVES)

Back 7

American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred, and cultivated a large array of plant species. (maize).

Front 8

LEIF ERIKSON

Back 8

A Norse explorer who is regarded as the first European to land in North America, nearly 500 years before Christopher Columbus.

Front 9

PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR

Back 9

Portuguese prince responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations and maritime trade.

Front 10

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

Back 10

A navigator, colonizer, and explorer from Genoa, Italy whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continent.

Front 11

FERDINAND MAGELLAN

Back 11

A Portuguese explorer whose expedition was the first to sail from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean and his crew was the first to circumnavigate the world shortly after his death.

Front 12

THE CONQUISTADORES

Back 12

A term widely used to refer to the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas under the control of Spain.

Front 13

HERNAN CORTES

Back 13

A Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of Spain.

Front 14

FRANCISCO PIZARRO

Back 14

A Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire and founded the city of Lima, the modern-day capital of Peru.

Front 15

ORDINANCE OF DISCOVERY
(AZTECS)

Back 15

Laws designed to keep track of all political and economic life in newly discovered places.

Front 16

CATHOLIC MISSIONS
(NATIVES)

Back 16

Between 1769 and 1823, Spanish members of the Catholic Church established and operated missions in the new world with the goal of spreading the Catholic faith among the local natives.

Front 17

ST. AUGUSTINE 1565

Back 17

Remained the sole European settlement in the continental United States and a forward outpost guarding the Spanish Americas. In 1763, the Treaty of Paris gave Florida and St. Augustine to the British.

Front 18

ECOMIENDAS

Back 18

Labor system employed by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines.

Front 19

PUEBLO REVOLT 1680

Back 19

Was an uprising of many pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the New Spain province of New Mexico.

Front 20

MESTIZO

Back 20

People of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry.

Front 21

JOHN CABOT

Back 21

An Italian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of North America is commonly held to be the first European voyage to the continent since Norse exploration of the Americas.

Front 22

RICHARD HAKLUYT

Back 22

English writer who promoted and supported the settlement of North America by the English through his works.

Front 23

DOCTRINE OF PREDESTINATION

Back 23

Is a doctrine of Calvinism which deals with the question of the control of God exercises over the world.

Front 24

THE ENGLISH REFORMATION

Back 24

Series of events in 16th century England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.

Front 25

JOHN CALVIN

Back 25

An influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. Principle figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism.

Front 26

PURITAN SEPARATISTS

Back 26

Significant group of English-speaking Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Front 27

ELIZABETH I

Back 27

Queen regnant of England and Queen regnant of Ireland. Supported the English Protestant Church.

Front 28

COUREURS DE BOIS

Back 28

Individuals who engaged in fur trading without permission of the French authorities. Operated during the late 17th and early 18th century in eastern North America.

Front 29

NEW AMSTERDAM

Back 29

Was a 17th century Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New Netherlands. Later became New York.

Front 30

WEST INDIA COMPANY

Back 30

A chartered company of Dutch merchants that became instrumental in the Dutch colonization of the Americas.

Front 31

SIR WALTER RALEIGH

Back 31

An English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy, and explorer who is largely known for popularizing tobacco in England. Received the rights to colonize and finance the colony of Roanoke.

Front 32

ROANOKE

Back 32

Between 1585 and 1587 several groups attempted to establish a colony, but either abandoned the settlement or died.

Front 33

JAMES I

Back 33

Last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland. Jamestown was named after him.

Front 34

JAMESTOWN

Back 34

First successful English settlement on the mainland of North America.

Front 35

JOHN SMITH

Back 35

Had a major role in establish the first permanent English Settlement in North America.

Front 36

LORD DELAWAR

Back 36

The Englishman after whom the bay, the river, and the US state. Headed the contingent of 150 men who landed in Jamestown.

Front 37

TOBACCO

Back 37

Labor intensive cash crop in the Southern English colonies that eventually led to the Atlantic Slave trade.

Front 38

VIRGINIA COMPANY

Back 38

Joint stock companies chartered by James I with the purpose of establishing settlement on the coast of North America.

Front 39

HEADRIGHT SYSTEM

Back 39

A legal grant of land to settlers in order to encourage others to come to the colonies.

Front 40

POWHATANS

Back 40

Virginia Indian tribe that had tensions with the colonists.

Front 41

MARYLAND/ CALVERTS

Back 41

An English colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776. Chartered to Lord Baltimore who created the colony as a haven for Catholics.

Front 42

PROPRIETARY RULE

Back 42

Proprietary rule was unpopular almost from the start, mainly because propertied immigrants to the colony hoped to monopolize fundamental constitutions of as a basis for government.

Front 43

TOLERATION ACT

Back 43

A law mandating religious tolerance for trinitarian Christians.

Front 44

BACON'S REBELLION

Back 44

An uprising in 1676 in the Virginia colony led by Nathanial Bacon, a wealthy planter. Firs rebellion in the American colonies.

Front 45

PLYMOUTH PLANTATION

Back 45

Founded by a group of separatists and Anglicans who together later came to be known as the Pilgrim Fathers.

Front 46

MAYFLOWER COMPACT

Back 46

The first governing document of Plymouth colony.

Front 47

WILLIAM BRADFORD

Back 47

An English leader of the settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts. Elected Governor.

Front 48

COLONIAL CURRENCY

Back 48

Colonial government sometimes issued paper money to facilitate economic activity.

Front 49

JOHN WINTHROP

Back 49

Obtained a royal charter, along with other wealthy Puritans and was elected governor in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Front 50

THEOCRATIC SOCIETY

Back 50

All society revolves around their religious beliefs.

Front 51

ROGER WILLIAMS

Back 51

Believed in separation between Church and state, Colony of Rhode Island.

Front 52

ANNE HUTCHINSON

Back 52

Unauthorized minister of a dissident church discussion group.

Front 53

PEQUOT WAR

Back 53

A conflict between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies with Native American allies (the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes) against the Pequot tribe

Front 54

KING PHILIPS WAR

Back 54

An armed conflict between Native American inhabitants and English colonists and their Native American allies.

Front 55

THE NARRAGANSETTS

Back 55

Are an Algonquian native tribe from Rhode Island.

Front 56

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

Back 56

Conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists.

Front 57

MIDDLE COLONIES

Back 57

Discovered by Dutch as a passage to Indies.

Front 58

QUAKERS

Back 58

A group of Christians who went with William Penn and settled Pennsylvania.

Front 59

WILLIAM PENN

Back 59

Founder and absolute proprietor of Pennsylvania.

Front 60

CHARTER OF LIBERTIES

Back 60

A written proclamation that bound the King to certain laws regarding the treatment of church officials.

Front 61

BLACK CODES

Back 61

Laws passed on the state and local level in the United States, but mostly in the south, to limit the basic human rights and civil liberties of African Americans.

Front 62

HOLY EXPERIMENT

Back 62

Was an attempt by the Quakers to establish a community for themselves in Pennsylvania.

Front 63

CALIFORNIA 1760'S

Back 63

Spain settled California and set up missions to try and convert the natives.

Front 64

JAMES OGLETHORPE

Back 64

Founder of the Colony of Georgia.

Front 65

MERCANTILISM

Back 65

Economic theory in which a country uses its colonies to improve their economy by restricting who it exports to.

Front 66

THE NAVIGATION ACTS

Back 66

Series of laws which restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England.

Front 67

SIR EDMOND ANDROS

Back 67

Became governor of the province of New York and Jersey's.

Front 68

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

Back 68

Led to the overthrow of King Jame II of England and Mary and William were put on the throne.

Front 69

CAMBRIDGE AGREEMENT

Back 69

Was an agreement made on August 29, 1629, between the shareholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company.

Front 70

CHURCH OF ENGLAND (ANGLICAN)

Back 70

Officially established church of England.

Front 71

HALF WAY COVENANT

Back 71

Was a form of partial church membership created by New England in 1662.

Front 72

THOMAS HOOKER

Back 72

Prominent Puritan religious and colonial leader, who founded the Colony of Connecticut

Front 73

SAYBROOK PLATFORM

Back 73

Refers to conservative religious proposals adopted at Saybrook, Connecticut in September 1708.

Front 74

JOINT STOCK COMPANY

Back 74

Type of business entity: it is a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more legal persons.

Front 75

CAVALIERS 1642-1647

Back 75

Name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War.

Front 76

JOHN LOCKE

Back 76

An English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers.