Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 And 8

Front 1

How is time of flight calculated in a uni-level projection?

Back 1

t = 2(usinθ)/9.8

The maximum point of time is half of this.

Front 2

How is maximum height calculated?

Back 2

Using s =ut +1/2at^2

Smax = (usinθ)^2/19.6

Front 3

How is time of flight calculated in a bi-level projection?

Back 3

0 = 4.9t^2 + (usinθ)t - s

(Quadratic equation)

Where: s = the height in which an object is dropped. (i.e. a ball is dropped from a cliff of 25m).

Front 4

At what angle is the range of a projectile maximised?

Back 4

When the projectile is projected at an angle of 45 degrees.

When sin 2θ=1, 2θ=90 degrees

.`. θ=45 degrees

Front 5

What is range given by? (2 examples).

Back 5

s = vt

and

s = (u^2)(sin 2θ)/9.8

Front 6

Air resistance affects what in a uni-level projection?

Back 6

It affects the horizontal and vertical displacements. It means there is less time of flight as it does not travel as far upwards and will have less time of flight.

Front 7

Air resistance affects what in a bi-level projection?

Back 7

There is an increased time of flight and a decreased range. With more height of projection, there is more time of flight.

Front 8

What is the equation for air resistance and what does it represent?

Back 8

The drag coefficient value is a dimensionless number. This represents the value relating to the shape of an object. The higher the value, the more air resistance, hence why a cube has a larger drag coefficient than a car.

Front 9

The total energy of a system is given by what two energies?

Back 9

Its gravitational potential energy and its kinetic energy.

Front 10

Why does speed remain the same when acceleration exists?

Back 10

Acceleration affects the direction of a projectile or object and hence, the magnitude of velocity (the speed), will remain unchanged upon acceleration.

Front 11

What direction must centripetal acceleration be in?

Back 11

Centripetal acceleration is directed radially inwards.

Front 12

Show diagrammatically how average acceleration can be found.

Back 12

Front 13

What is the direction of the force that creates centripetal acceleration?

Back 13

It is in the same direction as the centripetal acceleration.

Front 14

Write out the derivation of optimal banking angle.

Back 14

Fnsinθ = mv^2/r

Fncosθ = mg

tan θ = (mv^2/r)/mg

tan θ = v^2/rg

Front 15

Write out the derivation of the period of satellites.

Back 15

Front 16

What is the equation for the force of friction?

Back 16

Front 17

What is the equation for changing RPM to m/s?

Back 17

(2r not pi squared)

Front 18

What is the period and distance above the Earth of a geostationary orbit?

Back 18

The period is 24 hours and is usually 35,900km above the surface of the Earth.

Front 19

What does "geostationary" mean?

Back 19

It means the satellite remains in the same position above the Earth's surface. When the Earth rotates, the satellite rotates to maintain its position over the specific position on Earth.

Front 20

What is meant by a "polar orbit"?

Back 20

An orbit close to the surface of the Earth (low altitude orbit) where the orbit is from pole to pole.

Front 21

Why is a polar orbit used for certain satellites?

Back 21

A polar orbit is low to the Earth meaning it can take higher quality images, allowing it to be used for weather and surveillance purposes. The Earth orbits from west to east, meaning that the polar satellite will be able to photograph many points of the Earth as it orbits.

Front 22

In an isolated system, what is known about momentum?

Back 22

The total momentum in an isolated system will remain constant.

Front 23

When drawing lines of force for electric fields, what considerations are made?

Back 23

1) Lines of force are drawn from positive to negative plates.

2) Lines of force both leave and enter at right angles to the conducting surface.

3) Lines of force will never cross each other.

Front 24

In a solenoid, what direction are magnetic field lines drawn?

Back 24

From the south end to the north end.

Front 25

With lots of coil turns in a solenoid, the magnetic field is considered to be ________.

Back 25

Uniform.

Front 26

Right hand curl rule involves what?

Back 26

The thumb points in the direction of current while the curled fingers points in the direction of the magnetic field.

Front 27

How is the strength of a magnetic field characterised?

Back 27

By the use of more magnetic field strength lines within a given space.

Front 28

Right hand solenoid rule involves what?

Back 28

The thumb points in the direction of the south pole of the solenoid while the curled fingers rotate in the direction of the current.

Front 29

Right hand palm rule involves what?

Back 29

The thumb points in the direction of the current, the fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field and the palm points in the direction of the force.

Front 30

How is sound produced?

Back 30

With compressions (regions of high density compressed air) and rarefactions (regions of low density rarefied air).

Front 31

When proving if a collision is elastic or inelastic, what unit is used?

Back 31

The energy of the system before and after.

Front 32

When finding resultant velocities of a collision, what must be done? (Using vector diagrams).

Back 32

An 8kg mass moves east at 15m/s. Collides with stationary 10km mass. After, the 8kg mass moves at 4m/s south. Find velocity of 10kg mass.

Front 33

How does a loudspeaker work?

Back 33

A loudspeaker works by supplying a current through a solenoid. Varying the direction of this current will vary the direction of the force acting on the coils and hence the cone. When the force is to the left, a compression is made and vice versa for a rarefaction.

Front 34

What is the equation for current in regards to charge?

Back 34

I=q/t

Front 35

Write out the derivation of the radius of a circular path.

Back 35

Front 36

Why are cyclotrons used?

Back 36

To accelerate particles to higher speeds in a small area.

Front 37

How does a cyclotron work?

Back 37

A particle enters the Dees at the low energy centre. An alternating electric current is then applied across the Dees so that the particle moves in a circular motion to the next Dee. As it does this, it gains kinetic energy, meaning that it will continue into the next Dee at a higher speed. Then, the polarity is reversed over and over until the particle reaches a high enough speed that the largest radius is achieved (since r =mv/qB) and the particle is emitted at a high speed.

Front 38

Write out the derivation of kinetic energy in regards to the cyclotron.

Back 38

Front 39

Write out the derivation for the period of motion in a cyclotron.

Back 39

Front 40

Define the conservation of energy.

Back 40

The total energy in an isolated system remains constant whereby energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed into an alternate form

Front 41

To find the speed of a ball rolling down a parabolic track and then proceeding to be ejected upwards, what considerations are made?

Back 41

Due to the conservation of momentum, the gravitational potential energy should be equal to the kinetic energy of the system.

Equating these two will result in the velocity equation: v=sqrt(2gh)

Front 42

In a bi-level projection, at what angle (less or more than 45 degrees) does a projectile attain the most range?

Back 42

A lesser angle.

Front 43

Define the conservation of momentum.

Back 43

In an isolated system, the final momentum of the system will be equal to the initial momentum of the system.

Front 44

How does a photocopier work? (Corona discharge etc.).

Back 44

A fine charging corona wire is charged to 5000V which causes corona discharge. Charged ions are created where electrons are free to move.

These electrons coat the photoconductive drum.

Light is reflected from the object being photocopied onto a line along the drum. Where the image is bright, an increase in conductivity is noticed and hence the electrons escape. Where it is dark, the electrons remain.

Positively charged toner particles are then attracted to these electrons, recreating the dark parts of the image.

These now positively charged particles on the drum are strongly pulled away with a transfer corona (5000V) onto paper.

This paper is then run through hot rollers to fix the image to the paper.

The drum is then cleaned of any excess for a new photocopy.

Front 45

What is Newton's first law of motion?

Back 45

Every object in a state of uniform motion will tend to remain in that state unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force.

Front 46

What is Newton's second law of motion?

Back 46

The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

Front 47

What is Newton's third law of motion?

Back 47

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Front 48

With the motion of an electron entering an electric field at right angles, how is the time taken to traverse the field calculated?

Back 48

t = L/v

Where:

L = The length between the plates

V = The initial speed of the electron

Front 49

How is the acceleration of a particle between two charged plates derived?

Back 49

a = Eq/m

Front 50

How is the deviation of a particle between two charged plates derived?

Back 50

s=1/2at^2

Where:

a = Eq/m

t = L/v

Front 51

What is considerations must be made for geostationary satellites? (3 points to mention).

Back 51

1) High signal strengths are required.

2) Time delays exist due to the long distance between the satellite and Earth.

3) The height of the orbit limits the visibility of the Earth's surface.

Front 52

If a charged particle is sitting between two charged plates, (that is, initially at rest at one of the plates), how is the time to move between plates calculated? Also, how is the final velocity before hitting the plate calculated?

Back 52

Using:

s=ut+1/2at^2

where a=qE/m

v=u+at

Front 53

Explain why increasing the potential difference between the Dees has no effect on thekinetic energy of the ion as it leaves the cyclotron.

Back 53

With an increased potential difference, the kinetic energy of each pass increases, increasing the velocity of the particle. This means it achieves the given radius faster with more velocity but when it leaves, its kinetic energy is no more than with a lower potential difference.