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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acid
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compound that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved in a solution
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activation energy
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energy input necessary toinitiate a chemical reaction |
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active transport
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energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane from aregion of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration |
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adaptation
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inherited trait that isselected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in theenvironment |
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adhesion
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attraction between moleculesof different substances |
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ADP (adenosinediphosphate) |
low-energy molecule that canbe converted to ATP |
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aerobic
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process that requires oxygento occur |
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allele
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anyof the alternative forms of a gene that occurs at a specific place on achromosome
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aminoacid
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molecule that makes up proteins; composed ofcarbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
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anaerobic
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process that does notrequire oxygen to occur |
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anaphase
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third phase of mitosisduring which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell |
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apoptosis
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programmedcell death
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asexualreproduction
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processby which offspring are produced from a single parent; does not involve thejoining of gametes
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atom
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smallest basic unit ofmatter |
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ATP (adenosinetriphosphate) |
high-energy molecule thatcontains, within its bonds, energy that cells can use |
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ATPsynthase
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enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high-energyphosphate group from ADP to form ATP |
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autosome
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chromosome that containsgenes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of the organism |
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base
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compound that accepts aproton (H+) when dissolved in solution |
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benign
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having no dangerous effecton health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are notcancerous |
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binaryfission
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asexual reproduction inwhich a cell divides into two equal parts |
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biodiversity
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variety of life within anarea |
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biology
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scientific study of allforms of life |
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biosphere
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all organisms and the partof Earth where they exist |
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biotechnology
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useand application of living things and biological processes
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bondenergy |
amount of energy needed tobreak a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy releasedwhen a bond forms between two particular atoms |
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Calvincycle
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process by which a photosyntheticorganism uses energy to synthesize simple sugars from CO2 |
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cancer
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common name for a class ofdiseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division |
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carbohydrate
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moleculecomposed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches
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carcinogen
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substance that produces orpromotes the development of cancer |
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Catalyst
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substance that decreases activation energy and increasesreaction rate in a chemical reaction |
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Cell
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basic unit of life |
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cellcycle
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pattern of growth, DNAreplication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell |
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celldifferentiation
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processesby which unspecialized cells develop into their mature form and function
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cellmembrane
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double-layerof phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surroundingenvironment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell
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celltheory
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theory that states that allorganisms are made of cells, all cells are produced by other living cells, andthe cell is the most basic unit of life |
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cellwall
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rigidstructure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants, algae,fungi, and bacteria
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cellularrespiration
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process of producing ATP bybreaking down carbon-based molecules when oxygen is present |
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Centriole-
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small cylinder-shapedorganelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; aid mitosis |
