Chapters 1 & 2 Child Psychology

Front 1

What is the first stage in the first trimester?

Back 1

Zygote stage

Front 2

What happens after the zygote stage?

Back 2

Cleavage (first cell division)

Front 3

After the zygote reaches apx. ___ cells, it leaves the _______ and enters the ______.

Back 3

16, fallopian tube, uterine cavity.

Front 4

How many days after fertilization does it take for the zygote to enter the uterine cavity?

Back 4

3-5 days

Front 5

By day 14, the zygote is implanted into the _______.

Back 5

uterine lining

Front 6

over 100 cells

Back 6

blastocyst

Front 7

Empry stage: ____ semster. Implanted into the ____ after about __-__ weeks.
what goes on during this stage?

Back 7

first, uterine wall, 3-8.
primitive heart beat and spinal development.

Front 8

What happens during month 2, what's the name of this stage?

Back 8

Major organs and systems begin to form, but are not fully developed.This is the fetal stage.

Front 9

When does the fetal stage begin and end?

Back 9

week 9- birth.

Front 10

What's the fetus' apx. weight and length during month 3?

Back 10

3-4 inches, about 1 oz.

Front 11

What is the fetus capable of during month 4 (the 2nd trimester)?

Back 11

movement, kicks, swallowing. Can hear mom's voice, has a human appearance.

Front 12

What is the fetus capable of during month 5?

Back 12

regular sleep-wake cycles, hair courser and colored.

Front 13

month 6 characteristics?

Back 13

some noticable kicks, thumb grasping, weighs 1-2 lbs, apx 11-14 inches.

Front 14

when does thumb sucking typically begin?

Back 14

22 weeks

Front 15

At the end of the 2nd trimester:

Back 15

fetus is thin, w/o much fat. mouth +lips show sensitivity, the spine supports the fetal body weight. eyes + ears respond to light and sound.

Front 16

after how many weeks from conception was spanky born?

Back 16

38 weeks.

Front 17

What is the newborn's skull made of and what do they help with?

Back 17

the skull is made up of plates (sutures), which provide some flexibility.

Front 18

define fontanelles

Back 18

soft spots that close after 1-2 months, but the frontal not until 1.5 years. there's commonly 4 on a newborn.

Front 19

define dynamical systems

Back 19

the person and the environment are in continious, reciprocal interactions.

Front 20

define behavior

Back 20

an action of a living thing in relation to events in the environment.

Front 21

What is the natural science approach?

Back 21

it applies the principles used by all sciences to study phenomena that occur in our real world.

Front 22

what is anthropology?

Back 22

it is interested in the unique phenomena emerging a tthe level of cultures.

Front 23

define reductionalism

Back 23

when an analysis is focusted on a lower level. Example: talk about the element components of table salt.

Front 24

what is developmental psychology?

Back 24

the study of the progressive changes in the relationships between an organism and its environment over the life span of the organism.

Front 25

whath is comparative psychology?

Back 25

the study of evolution of behavior across species.

Front 26

define phylogenesis

Back 26

the study of behavioral changes within a species over evolutionary time.

Front 27

define evolutionary psychology

Back 27

a field that makes inferences about how human behavior evolved as a result of inferred conditions of natural selection.

Front 28

define ontogenesis

Back 28

the study of changes in individuals over their lifetimes.

Front 29

what's a contingency?

Back 29

an if-then relationship. an event or force that depends on behavior.

Front 30

what is an ontogenic contingency?

Back 30

forces that shape the behavioral development of the individuals over their lifespan. (developmental)

Front 31

what is a phylogenic contingency?

Back 31

forces that shape the deveolpment of a species over time. ex: bears at the north pole eventually were all white due to different factors to help them survive.

Front 32

What does Level 1 of development focus on?

Back 32

(the most fundamental) development is seen as a set of basic processes and components. ex: meiosis in genetics. (the dots of paint on the canvas)

Front 33

What does Level 2 of development focus on?

Back 33

Patterns/characteristics of behavior; intelligence, personality, creativity. (figures from the dots on the painting)

Front 34

What does Level 3 of development focus on?

Back 34

Social interactions. ex: mother's talk to child and child's behavior toward mother. (viewing the entire painting)

Front 35

What does Level 4 of development focus on?

Back 35

It looks at the effects of society and culture on the child. (the societal and cultural implications of the painting/art)

Front 36

what are the three parts to the definition of learning?

Back 36

1) learning is a change in the behavior-environment relationship. (ex: when a child says cat, then grows up and learns to say cat when reading aloud.)
2) learning is relatively permanent.
3) learning is due to experience with the environment.

Front 37

what are fixed action patterns?

Back 37

patterns of unlearned, instinctual behavior elicited by particular environmental stimuli.

Front 38

what are innate releasing mechanisms?

Back 38

the stimuli that cause fixed action patterns.

Front 39

what is a supernormal stimulus?

Back 39

a mechanism that completely trumps the normal/common innate releasing mechanism. Ex: mating--christmas balls beat the redbellied fish.

Front 40

cross-sectional design study

Back 40

individuals who differ in age are studied at the same time.

Front 41

longitudinal design study

Back 41

the same group of people are studied repeatedly over time.

Front 42

sequential design study

Back 42

a combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal study. individuals of different age groups are followed across time.