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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
simplified drawing of an object
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pictograph
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a __________ puts together simplified drawings of objects to represent abstract concepts
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ideograph
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a __________ uses the sounds of the symbols to make up compound words
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phonograph
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a _________ is when 2 or more pictographs are put together and the first sounds of things are sounded out to represent the word -
"egg + cell + ant = excellent"; precursor of phonetics. |
rebus
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how was writing first used in historical times?
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- show ownership
- contents of containers - legal documents/business transactions |
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Earliest writing system in Sumeria
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Cuneiform
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circular stone tablet found in Crete, associated with the Minoan Culture. The inscriptions have not yet been deciphered.
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Phaistos disc
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this guy deciphered hieroglyphics in *[1822]
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Jean-François Champollion
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substrate made from a weed, very brittle and could only be written on one side
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papyrus
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substrate made from animal skins, was able to be folded and written on both sides
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parchment
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Appearance of a writing system & alphabet is mainly based on the ________ and _________
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substrate
writing implement used |
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why did different cultures write on different substrates?
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it depended on what natural resources were readily available
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in hieroglyphics, the names of Pharaohs were put in _________ to symbolize eternal life
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cartouches
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what is possible with a written alphabet that was not possible with an oral tradition?
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the ability to communicate with someone who was not living in the present day
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why was the Phoenician alphabet widely adopted in the ancient world?
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- The Phoenicians were extensive traders on the Mediterranean Sea
- There were only 22 characters to learn - The alphabet was phonetically based, making it easy to learn to read and write. |
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______ is another name for a book
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codex
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papermaking originated in ______
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China
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_________ was made from the dry, bleached skin of animals
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parchment
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_________ was the Roman lettering style that was condensed to save space.
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Rustica
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__________ was the language that early bibles were copied in
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Latin
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______________ were used in manuscripts to introduce the text and to also show a simplified drawing of the bible story and as a way for the scribe to show his/her religious devotion.
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Illuminated Caps
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During the Middle Ages, the isolation of feudal societies and the danger of travel led to the development of ________
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regional lettering styles
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Under Charlamagne's rule, what important typographic accomplishment took place and why was it important?
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Carolingian Hand was established as the standard copying text, in hopes of further uniting Charlamagne's Empire.
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what lettering hand was marked by great variations in letterforms?
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Romanesque
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when and where was rag paper introduced in Europe?
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1100. Italy.
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what resettled in cities after the Dark Ages?
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Universities and Guilds
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uses the first sound of the object represented to sound out the word
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phonogram
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important before the creation of writing; allows pre-literate society to store information
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mnemonics
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the guy who developed the Carolingian lettering hand
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Alcuin of York
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where we see most of the Roman inscriptions today
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Triumphal arches
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a campaign funded by the Pope, whose intention was to save the Holy Lands from the infidels
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the Crusades
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lettering that started in Ireland
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Celtic uncials
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Tall, condensed angular letters, originated in Germany
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Gothic
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Round, open style of lettering. Originated in France.
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Rotunda or Carolingian
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this lettering innovation started in the interest in saving paper. originated in Ireland
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Semi-uncials
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means "as the ox plows"
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boustrophedon
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group associated with early books, compared versions of the Bible text
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Early Christians
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lettering written on guidelines that were one inch apart
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Uncials
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version of hieroglyphics; evolved letters that mean "priestly writing"
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Heriatic script
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version of hieroglyphics; evolved letters that mean "of the people"
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Demotic Script
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roughly the year that Charlamagne was in power
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800 AD
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a culture who added characters to an early version of out alphabet to represent vowels
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Ancient Greeks
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A lettering style that resembled a woven piece of fabric on the page when it was written together
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Gothic Textura
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the place where ancient manuscripts were preserved by copying
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Scriptoriums in Monasteries
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the monk who Charlamagne made responsible for creating a legible Carolingian hand for the other monks to learn and use in copying books
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Alcuin of York
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what hand was Littera Antigua based on?
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Carolingian
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Why was Littera Antigua called what it was?
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renaissance scholars wrongly believed that the ancient texts copied under Charlamagne were the original ancient text, hence the name "antigua"
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