Chapters 1, 2 & 3

Front 1

sociology

Back 1

the scientific study of social behavior and human groups

Front 2

sociological imagination

Back 2

C. Wright Mills: an awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society both today and in the past

Hint 2

drinking tea: health benefits, tradition or ritual, caffeine addiction, or social activity?

Front 3

functionalist perspective

Back 3

emphasizes the way that the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability

Hint 3

organs in the body

Front 4

conflict perspective

Back 4

assume that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power and the allocation of resources

Hint 4

competition for finite amount of money, cycle of poverty, elitism

Front 5

interactionist perspective

Back 5

generalize about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole

Hint 5

CEO and receptionist: hanging jacket, laughing at jokes, etc add to status inequality

Front 6

scientific method

Back 6

a systematic organized series of steps that assures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem

1). define the problem

2). review the literature

3). formulate the hypothesis

4). select the research design and collect/analyze data

5). develop the conclusion

Front 7

survey

Back 7

a study generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire that provides researchers with information about how people think or act

Front 8

ethnography

Back 8

the study of an entire social setting through extended systematic observation

Hint 8

live as a gang member in chicago for 9 months to learned about structure and power in street gangs

Front 9

experiment

Back 9

an artificially created situation that allows the researcher to manipulate variables

Front 10

secondary analysis

Back 10

a variety of research techniques that make use of previously collected and publicly accessible info and data

Hint 10

census

Front 11

culture

Back 11

the totality of learned socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior

Front 12

socialization

Back 12

the process through which people learn the attitudes, values and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture

Front 13

society

Back 13

a large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside of it, and participate in a common culture

Front 14

ethnocentrism

Back 14

the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm and are superior to others'

Hint 14

someone thinks another culture's food is weird

Front 15

cultural relativism

Back 15

the evaluation of a people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture

Hint 15

non-translatable slang words that only make sense to someone who speaks the language

Front 16

subculture

Back 16

a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differ from the pattern of the larger society

Hint 16

queer culture, alcoholics anonymous, nudists

Front 17

counterculture

Back 17

a subculture conspicuously and deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture

Hint 17

hippies, polygamists

Front 18

norms

Back 18

established standards of behavior that are maintained by a society

Front 19

folkways

Back 19

norms governing everyday behavior and its violation raises little concern

Hint 19

table manners, greetings

Front 20

mores

Back 20

norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society and the violation can lead to severe punishment

Hint 20

pedophilia

Front 21

the looking glass self

Back 21

Charles Horton Cooley: emphasizes that the self is the product of our social interactions with other people

1). we imagine how we present ourselves to others

2). we imagine how others evaluate us

3). we develop some sort of feeling about ourselves, such as respect or shame, as a result of these impressions

Front 22

cognitive theory of development

Back 22

Jean Piaget:

1). sensorimotor stage: young children use their senses to make discoveries

2). preoperational stage: children begin to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas

3). concrete operational stage: children engage in more logical thinking

4). formal operational stage: adolescents capable of sophisticated, abstract thought you and deal with ideas and values in a logical manner

Front 23

social interactions

Back 23

ways in which people respond to one another

Front 24

social structure

Back 24

the way in which society is organized into predictable relationships

Hint 24

institutions (religion, politics) limit behaviors

Front 25

status

Back 25

any of a full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society

Hint 25

parental, economic

Front 26

ascribed status

Back 26

assigned to a person by society without regard to the person's unique talents or characteristics

Hint 26

gender, ethnicity

Front 27

achieved status

Back 27

comes largely through one's own efforts

Hint 27

marital, occupational

Front 28

social roles

Back 28

a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status

Front 29

groups

Back 29

any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis

Front 30

primary group

Back 30

a small group characterized by intimate face to face association and cooperation

Hint 30

family

Front 31

secondary group

Back 31

a formal impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding

Hint 31

classroom or workplace

Front 32

gemeinschaft

Back 32

Tonnies: typical of rural life; a small community in which people have similar backgrounds and life experiences

Hint 32

community, Amish

Front 33

gesellschaft

Back 33

Tonnies: large and impersonal with little commitment to the group or consensus in values

Hint 33

society (post-industrial revolution), a modern business

Front 34

bureaucracy

Back 34

efficiency and productivity

1). division if labor

2). hierarchy of authority

3). written rules and regulations

4). impersonality

5). employment based on technical qualifications