Chapter11

Front 1

Alveoli

Back 1

Tiny air sac in lungs where gases are exchanges between the atmosphere and the blood in respiration. Small hollow cavity

Front 2

Bronchiole

Back 2

One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes

Front 3

Bronchus

Back 3

One of the larger air passageways in the lungs. Begin as two branches of the trachea and then subdivide within the lungs

Front 4

Carbon dioxide

Back 4

Gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs

Front 5

Carbonic acid

Back 5

Acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water

Front 6

Compliance

Back 6

A measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure

Front 7

Diaphragm

Back 7

Done shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration

Front 8

Epiglottis

Back 8

Leaf- shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea

Front 9

Expectoration

Back 9

Act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract, material is sputum

Front 10

Expiration

Back 10

act of breathing out or expelling air from lungs, exhalation

Front 11

Glottis

Back 11

Opening between the vocal cords

Front 12

Hemoglobin

Back 12

Iron containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen

Front 13

Inspiration

Back 13

Act of drawing air into lungs. Inhalation

Front 14

Larynx

Back 14

The enlarged superior portion of the trachea that contains vocal cords

Front 15

Lung

Back 15

Cone shaped, spongy respiratory organ contained within the thorax

Front 16

Mediastinum

Back 16

Space between lungs together with the organs contained in this space

Front 17

Nose

Back 17

Organ of the face used for breathing and for housing receptors for the sense of smell includes external portion and internal nasal cavity

Front 18

Oxygen

Back 18

Gas needed by all cells to release energy from food during metabolism

Front 19

Palatine tonsils

Back 19

Paired masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the oropharynx

Front 20

Pharynx

Back 20

Throat, common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the larynx

Front 21

Phrenic nerve

Back 21

Nerve that activates the diaphragm

Front 22

Pleura

Back 22

Double layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity ( parietal pleura) and covers the lungs ( visceral pleura)

Front 23

Pleural space

Back 23

Thin, fluid filled space between the two layers of the pleura, pleural cavity

Front 24

Pulmonary ventilation

Back 24

Movement of air in and out of lungs

Front 25

Sinus

Back 25

Cavity or channel, paranasal sinuses are located near nose and drain Into nasal cavity

Front 26

Sputum

Back 26

Substance release by coughing or clearing the throat, expectoration

Front 27

Surfactant

Back 27

Substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases lung expansion

Front 28

Trachea

Back 28

Air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi

Front 29

Turbinate bines

Back 29

Bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell also called conchae

Front 30

Vocal cords

Back 30

Membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production

Front 31

-pnea

Back 31

Breathing

Front 32

-oxia

Back 32

Level of oxygen

Front 33

-capnia

Back 33

Level of carbon dioxide

Front 34

-phonia

Back 34

Voice

Front 35

nas/o

Back 35

Nose

Front 36

rhin

Back 36

Nose

Front 37

pharyng/o

Back 37

Pharynx

Front 38

Laryng/o

Back 38

Larynx

Front 39

Trache/o

Back 39

Trachea

Front 40

Bronch/o, bronch/i

Back 40

Bronchus

Front 41

Bronchiol

Back 41

Bronchiole

Front 42

Phren/o

Back 42

Diaphragm

Front 43

Phrenic/ o

Back 43

Phrenic nerve

Front 44

Pleur/o

Back 44

Pleura

Front 45

Pulm/o, pulmon/o

Back 45

Lung

Front 46

Pneumon/o

Back 46

Lung

Front 47

Pneum/o, pneumat

Back 47

Air, gas, respiration, lung

Front 48

Spir/ o

Back 48

Breathing

Front 49

Acidosis

Back 49

Abnormal acidity of body fluids, caused by high levels of carbon dioxide

Front 50

Acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS)

Back 50

Pulmonary edema that can lead rapidly to fatal respiratory failure causes include trauma, aspiration into lungs, viral pneumonia and drug reactions

Front 51

Acute rhinitis

Back 51

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa with sneezing, tearing, and profuse secretion of watery mucus

Front 52

Alkalosis

Back 52

Abnormal alkalinity of body fluids caused by low carbon dioxide levels

Front 53

Aspiration

Back 53

Accidental inhalation of food or other foreign material into lungs, also means withdrawal of fluid from a cavity by suction

Front 54

Asthma

Back 54

Disease characterized by dys pnea and wheezing caused by spasm of the bronchial tubes or swelling of their mucous membranes

Front 55

Atelectasis

Back 55

Incomplete expansion of a lung or part of lung, lung collapse

Front 56

Bronchiectasis

Back 56

Chronic dilation of bronchus or bronchi

Front 57

Bronchitis

Back 57

Inflammation of brochus

Front 58

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Back 58

Any group of chronic, progressive, and debilitating respiratory diseases, which include emphysema, asthma, bronchitis, and Bronchiectasis

Front 59

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

Back 59

Inherited disease that affects the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands characterized by mucus accumulation in the bronchi causing obstruction and leading to infection

Front 60

Diphtheria

Back 60

Acute infectious disease usually limited to the upper respiratory tract characterized by formation of a surface pseudomembrane composed of cells and coagulated material

Front 61

Emphysema

Back 61

Chronic pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement and destruction of the alveoli

Front 62

PPD

Back 62

Purified protein derivative (TB)

Front 63

R

Back 63

Respiration

Front 64

RDS

Back 64

Respiratory distress syndrome

Front 65

RML

Back 65

Right middle lobe (lung)

Front 66

RSV

Back 66

Respiratory syncytial virus

Front 67

RV

Back 67

Residual volume

Front 68

SARS

Back 68

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Front 69

T & A

Back 69

Tonsil and adenoids, tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

Front 70

TGV

Back 70

Thoracic gas volume

Front 71

TLC

Back 71

Total lung capacity

Front 72

Pleurisy

Back 72

Inflammation of the pleura ( pleuritis) a symptom is sharp pain on breathing

Front 73

TV

Back 73

Tidal volume

Front 74

URI

Back 74

Upper respiratory infection

Front 75

VC

Back 75

Vital capacity

Front 76

Pneumoconiosis

Back 76

Disease of the respiratory tract caused by inhalation of dust particles

Front 77

Pneumonia

Back 77

Inflammation of lungs generally caused by infection

Front 78

Pneumonitis

Back 78

Inflammation of lungs caused by infection, asthma, allergy, or inhalation of irritants

Front 79

Pneumothorax

Back 79

Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space. May result from injury or disease. Or may be produced artificially to collapse a lung

Front 80

Pyothorax

Back 80

Accumulation of pus in the pleural space, Empyema

Front 81

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Back 81

Respiratory disorder that affects premature infants born without enough surfactant in lungs

Front 82

Tuberculosis

Back 82

Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus ( mycobacterium tuberculosis) involves lungs and other parts of body possibly.. Military tb is acute generalized form of the disease with formation of minute tubercles that resemble millet seeds

Front 83

Arterial blood gases (ABGs)

Back 83

Concentration of gases specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. Reported as the partial pressure (P) of the gas in arterial blood

Front 84

Bronchoscope

Back 84

Endoscope used to examine tracheobronchial passways also allows access for tissue biopsy or removal of foreign object

Front 85

Empyema

Back 85

Accumulation of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space. Pyothorax

Front 86

Lung scan

Back 86

Study based on accumulation of radioactive isotopes in lung tissue

Front 87

Pulmonary function test

Back 87

Test done to asses breathing, usually by spirometry

Front 88

Spirometer

Back 88

Apparatus used to measure breathing volumes and capacities

Front 89

Thoracentesis

Back 89

Surgical puncture of test for removal of air or fluids

Front 90

Carina

Back 90

Projection of lowest tracheal cartilage that forms a ridge between the two bronchi. Any ridge or ridge like structure

Front 91

Hilum

Back 91

Anatomic depression in an organ where vessels and nerves enter

Front 92

Nares

Back 92

External opening of nose

Front 93

Nasal septum

Back 93

Partition that divides the nasal cavity into two parts

Front 94

Asphyxia

Back 94

Condition caused by inadequate intake of oxygen, suffocation

Front 95

Biot respirations

Back 95

Deep fast breathing interrupted by sudden pauses seen in central nervous system disorders

Front 96

Hemoptysis

Back 96

Spitting of blood from mouth or respiratory tract

Front 97

Bronchospasm

Back 97

Narrowing of the bronchi caused by smooth muscle spams, common in asthma and bronchitis

Front 98

Cheyne- Stokes respirations

Back 98

Repeating cycle of gradually increases and then Decreased respiration followed by a period of apnea

Front 99

Cor pulmonale

Back 99

Enlargement of hearts right ventricle caused by disease of lungs or pulmonary blood vessels

Front 100

Coryza

Back 100

Acute inflammation of nasal passages with profuse nasal discharge

Front 101

Croup

Back 101

Childhood disease usually caused by viral infection that involves upper airway inflammation and obstruction

Front 102

Deviated septum

Back 102

Shifted nasal septum may require surgical correction

Front 103

Epiglottitis

Back 103

Inflammation of epiglottis that may lead to upper airway obstruction

Front 104

Epistaxis

Back 104

Hemorrhage drone nose, nose bleed

Front 105

Fremitus

Back 105

A vibration felt through chest wall on Palpation

Front 106

Kussmaul respirations

Back 106

Rapid and deep gasping respirations without pause characteristic of severe acidosis

Front 107

Hemothorax

Back 107

Presence of blood in the pleural space

Front 108

Pleural friction rub

Back 108

Sound heard in auscultation that is produced by rubbing together of two pleural layers

Front 109

Rales

Back 109

Abnormal chest sounds heard when air enters small airways or alveoli containing fluid, usually heard during inspiration

Front 110

Rhonchi

Back 110

Abnormal chest sound produced in airways with accumulated fluids. More noticeable during expiration

Front 111

Stridor

Back 111

Harsh high pitched sound caused by obstruction of a upper air passageway

Front 112

Tussis

Back 112

Cough

Front 113

Byssinosis

Back 113

Obstructive airway disease caused by reaction to the dust in unprocessed plant fibers

Front 114

Small cell carinoma

Back 114

Highly malignant type of bronchial tumor involving small undifferentiated cells

Front 115

Mediastinoscopy

Back 115

Examination of mediastinum by endoscope inserted through incision above the sternum

Front 116

Plethysmograph

Back 116

Instrument used to measure changes in gas volume and pressure during respiration

Front 117

Pneumotachometer

Back 117

Devices used for measuring air flow

Front 118

Hydrothorax

Back 118

Presence of fluid in the pleural space

Front 119

Thoracoscopy

Back 119

Examination of pleural cavity through endoscope, pleuroscopy

Front 120

Aerosol therapy

Back 120

Treatment by inhalation of drug

Front 121

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Back 121

Use of mechanical respirator to maintain pressure throughout the respiratory cycle

Front 122

Extubation

Back 122

Removal of previously inserted tube

Front 123

Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)

Back 123

Use of ventilator to inflate lungs at intervals under positive pressure during inhalation

Front 124

Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV)

Back 124

Use of mechanical ventilator to force air into lungs while allowing for passive exhalation

Front 125

Orthopneic position

Back 125

Upright or semi upright position that aids breathing

Front 126

Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)

Back 126

Mechanical ventilator to increase volume of gas in lungs at end of exhalation, thus improving gas exchange

Front 127

Postural drainage

Back 127

Use of body position to drain secretions from lungs by gravity

Front 128

Thoracic gas volume (TGV)

Back 128

Volume of gas in the thoracic cavity calculated from measurements made with body plethysmograph

Front 129

Hyperventilation

Back 129

Increased rate and depth of breathing, increased in the amount of air entering the alveoli

Front 130

Intubation

Back 130

Insertion of a tube into a hollow organ, larynx or trachea for entrance of air

Front 131

Pneumonoplasty

Back 131

Plastic surgery of lung

Front 132

Tracheotomy

Back 132

Incision of the trachea through neck

Front 133

Tracheostomy

Back 133

Surgical creation of an opening into trachea to form an airway or to prepare for the insertion of a tube for ventilation

Front 134

Antihistamine

Back 134

Agent that prevents responses mediated by histamine, allergic and inflammatory reactions

Front 135

Antitussive

Back 135

Prevents or relieves cough

Front 136

Asthma maintenance drug

Back 136

Agent used to prevent asthma attacks and for chronic asthma treatment

Front 137

Bronchodilator

Back 137

Drug relieves brochial spasms and widens the bronchi

Front 138

Corticosteroid

Back 138

Hormone from adrenal cortex used to reduce inflammation

Front 139

Expectorant

Back 139

Agent that aids in removal of bronchopulmonary secretions

Front 140

Hypoventilation

Back 140

Decreased rate and depth of breathing decrease in the amount of air entering the alveoli

Front 141

Isoniazid (INH)

Back 141

Drug used to treat tuberculosis

Front 142

Leukotriene antagonist

Back 142

Drug that prevents or reduces inflammation by inhibiting leikotrienes, substances made in white blood cells that promote inflammation, they also constrict bronchi and increase mucus production

Front 143

Mucolytic

Back 143

Agent that loosens mucus to aid in its removal

Front 144

Rifampin ( rifampicin)

Back 144

Drug used to treat tb

Front 145

AFB

Back 145

Acid fast bacillus

Front 146

ARDS

Back 146

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Front 147

ARD

Back 147

Acute respiratory failure

Front 148

BCG

Back 148

Bacillus calmette- guerin (tb vaccine)

Front 149

BS

Back 149

Breath sounds

Front 150

C

Back 150

Compliance

Front 151

Influenza

Back 151

Acute, contagious respiratory infection causing fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain

Front 152

CF

Back 152

Cystic fibrosis

Front 153

COLD

Back 153

Chronic obstructive lung disease

Front 154

COPD

Back 154

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Front 155

DTaP

Back 155

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (vaccine)

Front 156

ERV

Back 156

Expiratory reserve volume

Front 157

FEV

Back 157

Forced expiratory volume

Front 158

FRC

Back 158

Functional residual capacity

Front 159

FVC

Back 159

Forced vital capacity

Front 160

HPS

Back 160

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Front 161

IC

Back 161

Inspiratory capacity

Front 162

Pertussis

Back 162

Acute, infectious disease characterized by cough ending in a whooping inspiration, whooping cough

Front 163

IGRA

Back 163

Interferon gamma release assay ( test for TB)

Front 164

INH

Back 164

Isoniazid

Front 165

IRV

Back 165

Inspiratory reserve volume

Front 166

MEFR

Back 166

Maximal expiratory flow

Front 167

MMFR

Back 167

Maximum midexpiratory flow rate

Front 168

NAA

Back 168

Nucleic acid amplification

Front 169

PCP

Back 169

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Front 170

PEFR

Back 170

Peak expiratory flow rate

Front 171

PIP

Back 171

Peak inspiration pressure

Front 172

PND

Back 172

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Front 173

Pleural effusion

Back 173

Accumulation of fluid in pleural space, fluid may contain blood or pus