Chapter1

Front 1

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

Back 1

Agricultural Density

Front 2

the total number of people divided by the total land area.

Back 2

Arithmetic Density

Front 3

An east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.

Back 3

Base line

Front 4

The science of making maps.

Back 4

Cartography

Front 5

The spread of something over a given area.

Back 5

Concentration

Front 6

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

Back 6

Connections

Front 7

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or tend throughout a population.

Back 7

Contagious diffusion

Front 8

Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships

Back 8

Cultural ecology

Front 9

The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.

Back 9

Cultural landscape

Front 10

The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material that together constitute the distinct tradition of group of people.

Back 10

Culture

Front 11

The frequency with which something exists without a given unit of area.

Back 11

Density

Front 12

The spreading of a feature or trend from one place to another over time.

Back 12

Diffusion

Front 13

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

Back 13

Distance decay

Front 14

The arrangement of something across Earth's surface.

Back 14

distribution

Front 15

A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.

Back 15

Environmental determinism

Front 16

The spread of a feature of trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.

Back 16

Expansion diffusion

Front 17

An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics. (or uniform or homogeneous region)

Back 17

Formal region

Front 18

An area organized around a node of focal point.

Back 18

Functional region or nodal region

Front 19

computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

Back 19

Geographic Information System (GIS)

Front 20

A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.

Back 20

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Front 21

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

Back 21

Globalization

Front 22

The time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0° longitude.

Back 22

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

Front 23

The region from which innovative ideas originate.

Back 23

Hearth

Front 24

The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority of power to other persons or places.

Back 24

Hierarchical diffusion

Front 25

An arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross it heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day

Back 25

International Date Line

Front 26

A law that divided much of the United States into townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.

Back 26

Land Ordinance of 1785

Front 27

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator (0°).

Back 27

Latitude

Front 28

The position of anything on Earth's surface.

Back 28

location

Front 29

The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring east and west of the prime meridian (0°).

Back 29

Longitude

Front 30

A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it.

Back 30

Map

Front 31

A representation of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located.

Back 31

Mental Map

Front 32

An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles

Back 32

Meridian

Front 33

A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.

Back 33

Parallel

Front 34

The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study

Back 34

Pattern

Front 35

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

Back 35

Physiological Density

Front 36

A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character.

Back 36

place

Front 37

land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area

Back 37

polder

Front 38

The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions but that people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.

Back 38

Possibilism

Front 39

The meridian, designated as 0° longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.

Back 39

Prime Meridian

Front 40

A north-south line designates in the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.

Back 40

Principal Meridian

Front 41

The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map

Back 41

projection

Front 42

an area distinguished by a unique combination or trends or features

Back 42

region

Front 43

An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.

Back 43

Regional (or cultural landscape) studies

Front 44

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.

Back 44

Relocation diffusion

Front 45

The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods.

Back 45

Remote sensing

Front 46

A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable use.

Back 46

Resource

Front 47

Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth as a whole; specifically, the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface.

Back 47

Scale

Front 48

A square normally 1 mile on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the United States into 36 sections.

Back 48

Section

Front 49

the physical character of a place

Back 49

site

Front 50

The physical gab or interval between two objects.

Back 50

Space

Front 51

The location of a place relative to other places.

Back 51

Situation

Front 52

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.

Back 52

Space-time compression

Front 53

The spread of an underlying principle, even through a specific characteristic is rejected.

Back 53

Stimulus diffusion

Front 54

The name given to a portion of Earth's surface.

Back 54

Toponym

Front 55

A square normally 6 miles on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the United States into a series of townships.

Back 55

Township

Front 56

A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.

Back 56

Transnational corporation

Front 57

The increasing gab in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy.

Back 57

Uneven Development

Front 58

An area that people believe exist as part of their cultural identity.

Back 58

Vernacular Region (or perceptual region)