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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Matter
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anything that occupies space and has mass
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Mass
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the quantity of matter defined as the force produced by gravity acting on mass
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elements
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substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter
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atom
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the simplest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element
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nucleus
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Central region of the atom
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proton
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positivily charged subatomic particle, located in the nucleus
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atomic number
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number of protons in an atom
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mass number
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equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an antom
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electrons
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a negatively charged subatomic particle.
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orbital
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three dementional region around a nucleus that indicates the proabable locaton of an electon.
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isotopes
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atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons
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compounds
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made up of atoms of two or more elements in fixed porportions
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chemical bonds
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the attractive forces that hold atoms together
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covelent bond
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forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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molecule
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simplest parts of a substance that retains all of the properties of that substance and can exist in a free state
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ion
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an atom or molecule with an electical charge (sodium ion is written asd Na+)
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ionic bond
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a postive and negative electrical charge that attracts each other (attractons are formed from ions, positive and negative)
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energy
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ability to do work
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chemical reaction
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one or more substances change to form one or more substances
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reactants
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shown on the left side of the equation, of a one way chemical reaction (what substances are inthe reaction)
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products
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the outcome of a chemical reaction, shown on the right side of a chemical equation
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metabolism
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term used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in an organism
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activation energy
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amount of energy needed to start the reaction
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catalyst
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reduce the amount of activation energy that is needed for a reaction to take place
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enzyme
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a protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions without being permanently changed or destroyed
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oxidation reaction
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a reactant loses one or more electrons, becoming more positive in charge
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redox reaction
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a reaction in which electrons are transfered aka oxidation reduction reactions
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reduction reaction
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a reactant gains one ore more electrons, becoming more negative in charge
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polar
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has poles (eg positive and negative)
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hydrogen bond
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the force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positve chargedanother atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge
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cohesion
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an attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together
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adhesion
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the attractive froce between two particles of different substances (water and glass)
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capillarity
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attraction between molecules that results inteh rise of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid (inside a flower, uses adhesion and chohesion)
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solution
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mixtire in which one or more substances are uniformly distrubuted in another substance
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solute
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a substance dissolved in the solvent
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solvent
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substance in which the solute is dissolved
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concentration
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amount of solute disolved into a fixed amount of solvent
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saturated solutoin
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on in which no more solute can dissolve
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aqueous solution
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solutions in which water is the solvent
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hydroxide ion
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OH- ion (more hydroxide = acid)
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hydronium ion
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H(subscript3)O+ (more hydronium = acid)
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neutral solution
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solution where there is an equal number of hydroxide ions and hydronium ions
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acid
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more hydronium ions thatn hydroxide makes it an acid
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base
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more hydroxide than hydronium makes it a base
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pH scale
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scale on which the ph of different substances are compared, ranges from 0-14
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pH 0
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very acidic
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pH 2
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stomach acid
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pH 3
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vinegar (acid)
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pH 6
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urine (acid)
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pH 7
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water, neutral
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pH 8
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intestinal fluid (base)
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pH 10
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milk of magnesia (base)
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pH 11
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ammonia (base)
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pH 14
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very basic
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What is the change number for determining acidity (logarithmic scale)
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one ph unit reflects 10 fold change
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buffers
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chemical stubstances that nutrilize small ammounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution. (some maintain body)
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