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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Unitary System |
System of government in which the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government |
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Tenth Amendment |
The final part of the Bill of rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people |
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Reserved Powers |
Powers reserved to the states by the Tenth amendment that lie at the foundation of a state's right to legislature for the public health and welfare of its citizens |
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Concurrent Powers |
Powers shared by the national and state governments |
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Bill of Attainder |
A law declaring an act illegal without judicial trial |
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Ex post facto law |
Law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed |
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Privileges and Immunities Clause |
Part of Article IV of the constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of other states |
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Extradition Clause |
Part of Article IV of the constitution that requires states to extradite, or return criminals to states where they have been convicted or to stand trial |
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Interstate Compacts |
Contracts between states that carry the force of the law; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concerns |
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Dillon's Rule |
A premise articulated by Judge John F. Dillon in 1868 which states that local governments do not have an inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them |
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Charter |
A document that like a constitution, specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institutions of local government. Charges for local governments must be approved by state legislators |
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County |
The basic administrative unit of local government |
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Municipality |
City government created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas |
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Special District |
A local government that is restricted to a particular function |
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McCullough v Maryland (1819) |
The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the Federal Bank using the Constitution's Supremacy Clause. The courts broad interpretation of the Necessary and Proper Clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers |
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Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) |
The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's Commerce Clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers |
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Barron v Baltimore |
The Supreme Court ruled that the due process clause of the 5th Amendment did not apply to the actions of states. This decision limited the Bill of Rights to the actions of Congress alone |
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Dual Federalism |
The belief that having separate and equal a powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer-cake federalism |
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Dred Scott v Stanford |
The Supreme Court concluded that the US Congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery in the territories. This decision narrowed the scope of national power, while it enhanced that for the states |
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Sixteenth Amendment |
Amendment to the US Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax |
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Seventeenth Amendment |
Amendment to the US Constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection from state legislators |
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Cooperative Federalism |
The intertwined relationship between the national, state, and local governments that begin with the New Deal, often referred to as marble-cake federalism |
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New Deal |
The name given to the program of "Release, Recovery, Reform" begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the United States out of the Great Depression |
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Categorical Grant |
Grant that appropriates federal funds to states for a specific purpose |
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New Federalism |
Federal-state relationship proposed by Reagan administration during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments |
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Block Grant |
A federal grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines |
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Programming Request |
Federal funds designated for a special project within a state or congressional district |
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Preemption |
A concept that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain policy areas |
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Progressive Federalism |
A pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative |
