Chapter One Flash Cards Whitten Chemistry

Front 1

Accuracy

Back 1

How closely a measured value agrees with the correct
value (see Appendix A-4).

Front 2

Atom

Back 2

The smallest particle of an element that maintains its
chemical identity through all chemical and physical changes.

Front 3

Atomic number

Back 3

The number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom.

Front 4

Calorie

Back 4

Defined as exactly 4.184 joules. Originally defined as
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C.

Front 5

Chemical change

Back 5

A change in which one or more new substances
are formed

Front 6

Chemical property

Back 6

Chemical properties are exhibited as matter undergoes chemical changes

Front 7

Compound

Back 7

A substance composed of two or more elements in
fixed proportions. Compounds can be decomposed into their constituent elements.

Front 8

Density

Back 8

Mass per unit volume

Front 9

Element

Back 9

A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler
substances by chemical means.

Front 10

Endothermic

Back 10

Describes processes that absorb heat energy.

Front 11

Energy

Back 11

The capacity to do work or transfer heat

Front 12

Exothermic

Back 12

Describes processes that release heat energy.

Front 13

Extensive property

Back 13

A property that depends on the amount of
material in a sample.

Front 14

Heat

Back 14

The amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of a body one degree Celsius

Front 15

Heterogeneous mixture

Back 15

A mixture that does not have uniform
composition and properties throughout.

Front 16

Homogeneous mixture

Back 16

A mixture that has uniform composition
and properties throughout.

Front 17

Intensive property

Back 17

A property that is independent of the
amount of material in a sample.

Front 18

Joule

Back 18

A unit of energy in the SI system.

Front 19

Kinetic energy

Back 19

Energy that matter possesses by virtue of its
motion

Front 20

Heat capacity

Back 20

The amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of a body one degree Celsius

Front 21

Law of Conservation of Energy

Back 21

Energy cannot be created or
destroyed in a chemical reaction or in a physical change; it may be changed from one form to another.

Front 22

Law of Conservation of Matter

Back 22

No detectable change occurs
in the total quantity of matter during a chemical reaction or during a physical change.

Front 23

Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy

Back 23

The combined amount of matter and energy in the universe is fixed.

Front 24

Law of Constant Composition
Law of Definite Proportions

Back 24

Different samples of any pure
compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass

Front 25

Mass

Back 25

A measure of the amount of matter in an object. Mass is
usually measured in grams or kilograms

Front 26

Matter

Back 26

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Front 27

Mixture

Back 27

A sample of matter composed of variable amounts of
two or more substances, each of which retains its identity and properties.

Front 28

Molecule

Back 28

The smallest particle of an element or compound
that can have a stable independent existence

Front 29

Physical change

Back 29

A change in which a substance changes from
one physical state to another, but no substances with different compositions are formed.

Front 30

Physical property

Back 30

Physical properties are exhibited by matter with
no changes in chemical composition

Front 31

Potential energy

Back 31

Energy that matter possesses by virtue of its
position, condition, or composition

Front 32

Precision

Back 32

How closely repeated measurements of the same
quantity agree with one another

Front 33

Properties

Back 33

Characteristics that describe samples of matter.

Front 34

Scientific (natural) law

Back 34

A general statement based on the observed
behavior of matter, to which no exceptions are known

Front 35

Significant figures

Back 35

Digits that indicate the precision of
measurements—digits of a measured number that have
uncertainty only in the last digit

Front 36

Specific gravity

Back 36

The ratio of the density of a substance to the
density of water at the same temperature.

Front 37

Specific heat

Back 37

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature
of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Front 38

Substance

Back 38

Any kind of matter all specimens of which have the
same chemical composition and physical properties

Front 39

Symbol (of an element)

Back 39

A letter or group of letters that represents
(identifies) an element.

Front 40

Temperature

Back 40

A measure of the intensity of heat, that is, the
hotness or coldness of a sample or object.

Front 41

Unit factor

Back 41

A factor in which the numerator and denominator
are expressed in different units but represent the same or equivalent amounts. Multiplying by a unit factor is the same as multiplying by one.

Front 42

Weight

Back 42

A measure of the gravitational attraction of the earth
for a body.