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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Empirical Evidence

Book Definition: Evidencethat can be confirmed by systematic observations. This evidence should play acritical role in a researcher’s or practitioner’s opinion of causes andtreatments for certain disorders






My Words: Evidence based on observations and experiments instead of just based on theories or anything else. It shows statistical proof.

Psychotropic (Psychoactive) Drug

Book Definition: Medicationthat influence psychological processes.




My Words: Drugs that are meant for the treatment of psychological disorders.

Bio-medical Model

Book Definition: Therapeuticapproach using mostly medical diagnoses and drug prescriptions.




My Words: An approach to resolving mental health problems mainly using drug prescriptions through medical diagnosis.

Psychosocial Model

Book Definition:Therapeuticapproach emphasizing the relationship between client, or patient, and therapistwhile using therapies such as behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy,classical psychoanalysis, or group therapy.




My Words: An approach to resolving mental health problems focusing more on the social aspects of the individual's life.

Meta-Analysis:

Book Definition: Astudy that includes the results of several published reports to investigate acertain hypothesis.




My Words: A statistical study in which a researcher uses data from multiple different completed studies that show results useful for their new hypothesis.

Psychometric Test:

Book Definition: Paper-and-penciltest typically used by psychologists for diagnostic purposes. These tests need to pass reliability, validity, and standardization assessment before use with patients and clients.




My Words: A test used to measure the trustworthiness, and truthfulness of an individual (typically used as part of job applications).

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):

Book Definition: Injuryto a person’s brain usually resulting from an accident.




My Words: Damage to the brain typically caused by some type of traumatic impact to the head.

Neurogenesis:

Book Definition: Creationof new neurons. It was once thought that developed brains no longer producednew neurons, but research has confirmed that production of new neurons acrossthe life span. Little is known, however, about the functional consequences ofthe new neurons.



My Words: Birth of new neurons.

Neurotrophic factors:

Book Definition: Neurochemicalssuch as brain-derived neurotrophic factors that promote the growth and complexity of neurons.




My Words: Neurochemicals that are responsible for the growth and survival of neurons.

Computerized Tomography (CT):

Book Definition: Neuroimagingtechnique developed in the 1960’s that is equivalent of taking an X-ray of thebrain.




My Words: A machine that takes pictures of the brain that was developed in the 1960's (like an X-ray).

Magnetic Resonance Imaging:

Book Definition: Techniquethat provides pictures of the brain by sending a magnetic field through aperson’s head so that the scanners can absorb radiation from hydrogen ions anda three-dimensional. High-resolution picture of brain tissue is generated.




My Words: A machine that scans the brain using a magnetic field that is sent through the patients head, by taking in radiation from hydrogen ions, producing a high quality (3D) image of the brain.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging:

Book Definition: Brain-imagingtechnique utilizing radio frequency and magnetic field pulses to track watermolecules to provide an image of fiber tracts in the living brain.




My Words: A machine that scans the brain using radio frequency and magnetic field pulses.

Electroencephalography (EEG):

Book Definition: Oneof the earliest methods of recording activity of the living brain; involvesplacing electrodes on an individual’s scalp and recording the activity of largepopulations of neurons. This technique has been valuable in diagnosing epilepsyand in delineating the various stages of sleep.




My Words: One of the first ways to observe brain activity. This method uses electrodes that are attached to the patients scalp and records the activity.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET):

Book Definition: Functionalneuroimaging technique that involves injecting the patient with radioactivelytagged glucose and quantifying the patient’s metabolization of the radioactiveglucose when the patient is presented with an experimental challenge (e.g., acognitive task or certain stimulus).




My Words: A brain exam that shows how your organs and tissues are working. This method uses a type of radioactive drug that is injected into the patient, and the patient is asked to perform some type of cognitive task. Then the rate at which this chemical breaks down in the body is recorded and used to show the patient how well their organs and tissues are operating.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI):

Book Definition: MRIthat provides information about activity of the brain by quantifying cerebralblood flow during a cognitive challenge.




My Words: A brain exam that uses the blood flow to the brain during a cognitive task to show how active the individual's brain is.

Phenotype:

Book Definition: Externalexpression of certain genetic influences. The phenotype for one genetic assortmentmay be long fingers; for another the phenotype may be brown hair.




My Words: Physical genetics of an individual.

Concordance Rate:

Book Definition: Frequencywith which two individuals express the same condition. For example, the rate atwhich identical twins both develop schizophrenia is the concordance rate forschizophrenia.




My Words: The rate at which two people develop the same condition.

Immediate Early Genes:

Book Definition: Classof genes that exhibit rapid responses to certain extracellular stimuli byproducing proteins that prompt the release of such neurotransmitters as c-fos,which is involved in the stress response.




My Words: First round of genes to respond to a stimuli.

Proteins:

Book Definition: Complexorganic chemicals that are the essential building materials of living cells.




My Words: An organic chemical which contains carbon and its derivatives, and is required in order make living cells.

Simple (specific) phobia:

Book Definition: Disorderthat involves an intense fear of particular object (e.g., heights, spiders,germs) that disrupts a person’s normal functioning as he or she attempts toavoid the feared stimuli.




My Words: A mental disorder that effects the daily activities of an individual in avoidance of a certain object (e.g., snakes, spiders, or germs).

Proximate Causation:

Book Definition: Doctrinestating that the most direct cause of an event is the most important factor. Inevolutionary theory, proximate questions are most often questions of mechanismand development of certain behaviors.




My Words: A set of beliefs that states that the main cause of an event is the most influential factor in deciding what causes a certain behavior.

Ultimate Causation:

Book Definition: Doctrinestating that the more long-term causes of behavior are important for a thoroughunderstanding of the behavior. In evolutionary theory, ultimate causationquestions are related to how and why certain behaviors evolve.




My Words: A set of beliefs that states that behaviors in the past are extremely useful in the analysis of an individual's present behaviors.

Sexual Selection:

Book Definition: Choosinga mate or competing for a mate.




My Words: Deciding on, or competing for, a sexual partner.

Cultural-Bound Syndrome:

Book Definition: Conditionthat appears to be culture-specific, for example, anorexia (U.S.), latah(Malaysia), koro (Malaysia), and brain fag (Nigeria). The DSM categorizes thesedisorders in this broad classification.




My Words: A disorder that an individual develops based upon their cultural surroundings.

Homeostasis:

Book Definition: Internalbalance and regulation of physiological systems in an organism.




My Words: The stability and regulation of an organisms internal physiological systems.