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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Modern Cell Theory |
Every living organism is composed of one or more cells with basically the same chemical composition, which are the functional and structural units of multicellular organisms (with single cellular organisms being the smallest). |
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Common Basic Cell Features |
All cells have the basic characteristics of possessing a plasma cell membrane filled with cytoplasm, and genetic material located in the nucleus or nucleoid. They also have cellular organization and cellular dimensions. |
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Cell Classification |
Cells are broadly classified and are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Prokaryotic: before nucleus, no membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotic: true nucleus, membrane bound organelles. |
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Features of Prokaryotic Cells |
- Generally very small and relatively simple - Shapes include spherical, rod-shaped, and - Has a cytoplasm filled plasma membrane and a - May have structures for motility such as flagella - Single DNA molecule (circular) - May have plasmids - No membrane bound organelles but has free |
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Features of Eukaryotic Cells |
- Contains membrane bound organelles - Nucleus bound by nuclear envelope - Organelles suspended in cytoplasm of cytosol - Organelles allow for the separation of and - Plants posses an external cell wall |
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Organelles |
Nucleus: double membrane with nuclear pores, contains genomic DNA and is the site of DNA and RNA synthesis Endoplasmic Reticulum: site of membrane synthesis. Rough ER: contains membranes, is the site of RM and secreted protein synthesis. Smooth ER: place of steroid synthesis, organic molecule detoxification, and calcium storage Mitochondria: powerhouse, folds known as cristae increases surface area. ATP synthesized by oxidative phosphorylation Chloroplast: captures and utilized sunlight to create energy Golgi Apparatus: stack of flattened membranes where protein processing occurs. Proteins and lipids from the ER are received here, modified and then packaged for distribution Cytoskeleton: network of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules which helps define the shape of the cell (microtubules also help distribute chromosomes during cell division) Lysosomes: degrade worn-out organelles, macromolecules, and endocytosed particles. Endosome: early vesicles involved in endocytosis Peroxisome: oxidize toxic molecules |
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Model Organisms for |
E. coli (Prokaryotic) S. cerevisiae - Yeast (Eukaryotic) Arabadopsis - Plant D. melanogaster, C. elegans, Mus musculus and Homo sapiens - Animals |
