Chapter Four

Front 1

Determined by matter energy organization and information

Back 1

cell strucutre

Front 2

the complete gentic composition of a cell

Back 2

genome

Front 3

unit of heredity that contributes to the characterisitics of an organisim

Back 3

gene

Front 4

lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus

Back 4

prokaryotes

Front 5

bacteria and archaea are classifed as

Back 5

prokaryotes

Front 6

double layer of phosoplipids that forms barrier between cells and its external enviorment

Back 6

plasma membrane

Front 7

region of the cell that is contained within the plasma membrane

Back 7

cytoplasm

Front 8

where the genetic material is located

Back 8

nucleoid region

Front 9

strucutre composed of proteins

Back 9

ribosomes

Front 10

support and protets the plasma membrane and cytoplasm

Back 10

cell wall

Front 11

traps water and helps protect bacteria from dying out

Back 11

glycocalyx

Front 12

surrounds the bacterium

Back 12

glycocalyx

Front 13

allows prokaryotes to attach to surfaces and to each other

Back 13

pili

Front 14

provides prokaryotes with motility

Back 14

flagella

Front 15

fungi plants and animals are all

Back 15

eukaryotes

Front 16

a subcellular structure or membrane-bound compartment with its own function

Back 16

organelle

Front 17

chlorplasts cell wall and central vacuoles

Back 17

plant cells

Front 18

lack lysosomes and centrioles

Back 18

plant cells

Front 19

found in centrosomes

Back 19

centrioles

Front 20

chemical reactions where cells produce energy that is nessacary for life

Back 20

metabolism

Front 21

metabolic pathway involved in breakdown of karge molecules into small molecules

Back 21

catabolism

Front 22

synthesis of cellular molecules that requires input of energy

Back 22

anabolism

Front 23

has 3 different filaments microtubles intermdeiate filaments and actin filaments

Back 23

cytoskeleton

Front 24

protein filament important for cell shape organization and movement

Back 24

microtubule

Front 25

helps maintain cell shape and rigidity has a permanent shape

Back 25

intermediate filament

Front 26

supports plasma membrane (smaller than microtubules)

Back 26

actin filaments

Front 27

consists of a head tail and a hinge

Back 27

motor proteins

Front 28

uses ATP as a source of energy to promote movement

Back 28

motorp proteins

Front 29

used to move cargo bend a filament or move a filament

Back 29

motor proteins

Front 30

base of flagella or cilia where microtubules grow, ancohrored on plasma membrane

Back 30

basal body

Front 31

enclosings the nucleus ER Golgi apparatus lysosomes vacuoles and plasma membrane

Back 31

Endomembrane System

Front 32

small membrane enclosed sac within a cell used to pass materials

Back 32

vesicle

Front 33

double membrane whose outer leaflet is linked to the rough ER

Back 33

nuclear membrane

Front 34

encloses the nucleus

Back 34

nuclear envelope

Front 35

a passageway for the movement of molecules into and out of the nucleus

Back 35

nuclear pores

Front 36

organizes chromosomes

Back 36

nuclear matrix

Front 37

synthesizes proteins into ER

Back 37

ribosomes

Front 38

the attachment of carbohydrates to a protein or lipid producing a glycoprotein

Back 38

glycosylation

Front 39

studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins

Back 39

Rough Er

Front 40

syntheiizes lipids

Back 40

smooth er

Front 41

receives material from ER and process and packages for export

Back 41

golgi apparatus

Front 42

material inside a cell is packaged into vesicles and excreted into the extracellular medium

Back 42

exocytosis

Front 43

brings substances intot he cell

Back 43

endocytosis

Front 44

contain acid hydrolaes that perfrom hydrolysos

Back 44

lysosomes

Front 45

uses water to break a covalent bond, enzyme found in lysosomes

Back 45

acid hydrolases

Front 46

breaks down proteins carbs nucleic acids and lipids

Back 46

acid hydrolases

Front 47

recycling of worn out organelles through endocytosis

Back 47

lysosomes

Front 48

containtfluid and sometimes solid substances

Back 48

vacuoles

Front 49

maintains structure of plant cells and is nessacary for growth of plants

Back 49

turgor pressure

Front 50

catalyzes doxifying reactions

Back 50

preoxisomes

Front 51

movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane

Back 51

membrane transport

Front 52

cells sensing changes in their enviorment and communicating with each other

Back 52

cell signaling

Front 53

allows cell to bind to each other

Back 53

cell adhesion

Front 54

supplies most of a cells ATP

Back 54

mitochondria

Front 55

can grow and divide to reproduce, depends on other parts of cells for their internal compartments

Back 55

semiautonomous organelles

Front 56

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Back 56

semiautonomous organelles

Front 57

has own DNA divides by binary fission

Back 57

Mitochondria

Front 58

capture light energy and uses it to synthesize glucose

Back 58

chloroplasts (photosyntheisis)

Front 59

process of cell division in bacteria

Back 59

binary fission

Front 60

smaller species lives inside the bigger speceies, symbyotic relationship

Back 60

endosymbiosis