Chapter 9 The Urinary System

Front 1

Filters the blood to remove waste products, maintain electrolyte concentrations, and remove excess water to maintain the fluid volume within the body

Back 1

Kidney (nephr/o, ren/o)

Front 2

Collects urine produced by the kidney

Back 2

Renal pelvis (pyel,o)

Front 3

Liquid waste products to be excreted

Back 3

Urine (ur/o, urin/o)

Front 4

transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Back 4

Ureters (ureter/o)

Front 5

Stores urine until it is excreted

Back 5

Urinary Bladder (cyst/o)

Front 6

Transports urine from the bladder through the urethral meatus, where it is excreted from the body

Back 6

Urethra (urethr/o)

Front 7

A state of equilibrium that produces a constant internal environment throughout the body

Back 7

Homeostasis

Front 8

Means sameness

Back 8

home/o

Front 9

means control

Back 9

-stasis

Front 10

major waste product of protein metabolism

Back 10

Urea

Front 11

Consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and a urethra

Back 11

Urinary system / aka urinary tract

Front 12

means pertaining to the kidneys

Back 12

renal

Front 13

means pertaining to being located directly behind the peritoneum

Back 13

retroperitoneally

Front 14

membrane that lines the adominal cavity

Back 14

peritoneum

Front 15

outer rim of the kidney

Back 15

renal cortex

Front 16

The renal cortex contains over one million units called

Back 16

nephrons

Front 17

The inner region of the kidney

Back 17

medulla

Front 18

A small tube

Back 18

tubule

Front 19

funnel shaped area within each kidney that is surrounded by the renal cortex and the medulla

Back 19

renal pelvis

Front 20

The functional units of the kidneys. They form urine by the process of filtratiom, reabsorption, and secretion

Back 20

nephrons

Front 21

Each nephron contains a _________ which is a cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowmans capsule

Back 21

glomerulus (plural glomeruli)

Front 22

What is the pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw collor

Back 22

Urochrome

Front 23

Means urine

Back 23

ur/o

Front 24

means color

Back 24

-chrome

Front 25

A hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine. It is located in the anterior portion of the pelvic cavity and stores about one pint of urine.

Back 25

urinary bladder

Front 26

The tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Back 26

urethra

Front 27

There's one located at either end of the urethra, control the flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra and out of the urethra through the urethral meatus

Back 27

urinary sphincters

Front 28

a ring like muscle that closes a passageway

Back 28

sphincter

Front 29

the external opening of the urethra

Back 29

urethral meatus (aka urinary meatus)

Front 30

external opening of a canal

Back 30

meatus

Front 31

is approximately 1.5 inches long and is located between the clitoris and the opening of the vagina

Back 31

female urethra

Front 32

is approximately 8 inches long, and is located at the tip of the penis

Back 32

male urethra

Front 33

are narrow tubes each about 10 to 12 inches long.

Back 33

ureters

Front 34

As the bladder fills up, pressure is placed on the base of the urethral, resulting in t he urge to________

Back 34

urinate or micturate

Front 35

The normal process of excreting urine

Back 35

urination aka (micturition) or voiding

Front 36

specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys

Back 36

nephrologist

Front 37

means kidney

Back 37

nephr

Front 38

means specialist

Back 38

-ologist

Front 39

specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary systems of females and the genitourinary system of males

Back 39

urologist

Front 40

means urine

Back 40

-ur

Front 41

the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions

Back 41

renal failure aka ( kidney failure)

Front 42

Is the absence of urine formation by the kidneys

Back 42

anuria

Front 43

means without

Back 43

an-

Front 44

means urine

Back 44

-uria

Front 45

a toxic condition caused by excessive amount of urea and other waste products in the blood stream

Back 45

uremia aka (uremic posioning)

Front 46

Has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia. Can be caused by a drop in blood pressure or blood volume due to injury or surgery.

Back 46

acute renal failure

Front 47

Is the progresive loss ofrenal functions due to a variety of conditions, such as kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension

Back 47

Chronic renal failure

Front 48

Refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure, in which there is irreversible loss of the function of both kidneys

Back 48

End-stage renal disease

Front 49

a condition in which very high levels of protein are lost in the urine and low levels of protein are present in the blood

Back 49

nephrotic syndrome

Front 50

means pertaining too

Back 50

-tic

Front 51

any degenerative kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome without inflamation

Back 51

nephrosis

Front 52

means abnormal condition

Back 52

-osis

Front 53

is excessive fluid in the body tissues

Back 53

edema

Front 54

is the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine

Back 54

hyperproteinuria

Front 55

means excessive

Back 55

hyper-

Front 56

means protein

Back 56

protein

Front 57

Is the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

Back 57

hypoproteinemia

Front 58

means deficient

Back 58

hypo-

Front 59

means blood condition

Back 59

-emie or -emia

Front 60

is the presence of abnormally large amounts of lipids in the blood

Back 60

hyperlipidemia

Front 61

means lipids

Back 61

lipid

Front 62

also means a disease to the kidney however it includes both degenerative conditions and inflammatory diseases

Back 62

nephropathy

Front 63

means disease

Back 63

-pathy

Front 64

Is a kidney disease characterized by hyperproteinuria, which is a result of thickening and hardening of the glomeruli caused by long term diabetes mellitus

Back 64

Diabetic nephropathy

Front 65

is the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys

Back 65

hydronephrosis

Front 66

means water

Back 66

hydr/o

Front 67

Is the distention of a kidney

Back 67

Nephrectasis

Front 68

means enlargement

Back 68

-ectasis

Front 69

is an inflamation of the kidney

Back 69

nephritis

Front 70

means inflammation

Back 70

-itis

Front 71

Is a type of nephritis that involves primarily theglomeruki

Back 71

Glomerulonephritis

Front 72

means glomeruli

Back 72

glomerul/o

Front 73

is the prolapse or downward displacement, of a kidney

Back 73

Nephroptosis aka (floating kidney)

Front 74

means dropping down

Back 74

-ptosis

Front 75

means slipping or falling out of place

Back 75

prolapse

Front 76

is suppuration of the kidney

Back 76

nephropyosis

Front 77

means pus

Back 77

py

Front 78

means the formation or discharge of pus

Back 78

suppuration

Front 79

is an inherited kidney disorder in which the kidneys become enlarged because of multiple cysts

Back 79

polyctstic kidney disease

Front 80

means many

Back 80

-poly

Front 81

means cyst

Back 81

cyst

Front 82

means pertaining to

Back 82

-ic

Front 83

Is an inflammation of the renal pelvis

Back 83

pyelitis

Front 84

means renal pelvis

Back 84

pyel

Front 85

is an inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney

Back 85

pyelonephritis

Front 86

is an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone

Back 86

Renal colic

Front 87

means spasmodic pains in the abdomen

Back 87

Colic

Front 88

Is an abnormal mineral deposit. usually formed when waste products in the urine crystallize

Back 88

stone aka (calculus)

Front 89

Is a disorder characterized by the presence of stones in the kidney

Back 89

nephrolithiasis

Front 90

means the presence of stones

Back 90

lithiasis