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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
association
Process by which two pieces of information from the envionment are repeatedly linked so that we begin to connect them in our minds
Conditioning
a form of associative learning in which behaviors are triggered by associations with events in the enviorment.
Classical Conditioning
Form of associative learning in which a neutrak stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus to which one has an automatic, inborn response.
Unconditioned response (UCR)
The automatic inborn reaction to a stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
the environmental input that always produces the same unlearned response
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
A previously neutral input that an organism learns to associate with the UCS.
Conditioned response (CR)
A behavior that an organism learns to perform when presented with the CS.
Stimulus discrimination
Restriction of a CR to the exact CS to which it was conditioned.
Stimulus generalization
extension of the association between UCS and CS to include a broad array of similar stimuli.
extinctionoccurs
the weakening and desappearance of a conditioned response, which occurs when the UCS is no longer paired with the CS
operant conditioning
the process of changing behavior by manipulating the consequences of that behavior
secondary reinforcers
reinforcers that are learned by association, ushually via classical conditioning.
Positive reinf.
the presentation or addition of a stimulus after a behavior occurs that increases how often tha behavior will occur
Negative Reinf.
Removal of a stimulus after a behavior to increase the frequency of that behavior.
Negative punishment
the removal of a stimuls to decrease behavior
positive punishment
The addition of a stimulus that decreases behavior.
Shaping
the reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior.
continuous reinforcment
reinforcement of a behavior every time it occurs
Intermitten reinforcement
reinforcement of a behavior- but not after every response
biological constraint model
view on learning porposing that some behaviors are inherently more likely to be learned than others.
conditioned taste adversion
the l;earned avoidance of a particular taste of food
enactive learning
learning by doing
observational learning
learning by watching the behavior of others
social learning theory
a description of the kind of learning that occurs when we model or imitate the behavior of others
Modeling
the imitation of behaviors performed by others
imprinting
the rapid and innate learning of the characteristics of a caregiver very soon after birth.
Ethology
The scientific study of animal behavior