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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Has striations
Found in skeletal muscles attached to the skeleton
Controlled Voluntarily
Extremely adaptable (can exert a variable amount of force)
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Striated like skeletal muscle
Occurs only in the heart
Involuntary neural controls allow the heart to respond to changes in bodily needs
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Doesn't have striations
Found in the walls of hollow organs
Controlled by involuntary neural and hormonal mechanisms
Excitability
The ability to receive and respond to stimuli
Contractility
The ability to shorten forcibly
Extensibility
The ability to be stretched or extended
Elasticity
The ability to recoil and resume the original resting length
Producing movement
Muscle produces movement of the body or of materials within the body
Maintaining Posture
Keep the body upright against the force of gravity
Stabilizing Joints
Muscle tone and tension reinforces joints
Generating Heat
Muscle activity generates heat, important in maintaining body temperature.
Sarcolemma
The cell membrane surrounding the muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm
The cytoplasm of muscle cell that contains large amounts of Glycogen, and Myoglobin
Glycogen

Myoglobin
G- Stored glucose

M- Binds and stores oxygen
Myofibrils
Densely packed rodlike contractile elements.
Bundles of myofilaments
The arrangement of myofilaments and myofibrils creates a repeating series of dark and light bands (striations) in a muscle fiber
Sarcomeres
The smallest contractile until of muscle
The region of a Myofibril between 2 successive Z discs
Composed of myofilaments or contractile proteins
Myofilaments
Contractile protein filaments two types thick and thin
Myosin (Thick)

Actin (Thin)
Myosin- extend the entire length of an A band

Actin- extend across the I band and partway into the A band
A band

I band

H zone
A band- Dark band where thick filaments are found

I band- Light band btw the ends of thick filaments 2 sarcomeres
H zone- Lighter area in the A band where thick and thin filaments do not overlap
M line

Z disc
M line- dark line in the H zone due to the presence of the protein desmin (connects adjacent thick filaments)

Z disc- coin shaped sheet of protein (nebulin) that anchors the thin filaments and connects myofibrils to one another
Thick Filaments
Composed of the protein myosin
Each myosin has a rodlike tail and two globular heads
Tails- two interwoven polypeptide chains heads
Heads- two smaller polypeptide chains that form cross bridges.
Thin Filaments
(Actin, Tropomyosin and Troponin)
Chiefly composed of the protein actin
Each actin molecule is helical polymer of gobular subunits called G actin
Elastic Filaments (titin)
Composed protein
Extend from the Z disc to the thick filament
Runs within the thick filament and attached to the M-line
Hold the thick filaments in place; help the cell to recoil back to shape when stretched.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Elaborate, smooth endoplasmic reticulum that surrounds each myofibril
Paired terminal cisternae from perpendicular cross channels
Functions in the regulation of intracellular calcium levels
T-tubules
Elongate tubes that penetrate into the cell's interior at each A band and I band Junction
Continuous with the sarcolemma
Associate with terminal cisternae to form triads
Conduct impulses that signal for the regulate Ca2+ release from adjacent terminal cisternae
Triads
T-tubules and terminal cisternae form triads that conduct signals for muscle contraction
T-tubule proteins act as voltage sensors
SR foot proteins are receptors the regulate Ca2+ release from the SR cisternae