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35 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
How can students thrive within our classrooms and beyond our classrooms to become independent learners?
Teachers need to teach students how to become strategic learners with a wide repertoire of strategies.
How will elaborative strategies help students?
It will help them cope with content-area tasks that require high levels of thinking for organizing, synthesizing, and critiquing info from multiple sources.
Students who use what kinds of strategies are more likely to do better in their classes in general?
Strategies that demand critical thinking.
Strategies we teach student should embed a variety of what?
Cognitive and metacognitive processes.
Cognitive and metacognitive strategies include which student abilities?
1- Selecting and summarizing important ideas

2- Reorganizing and elaborating on ideas

3-Asking questions concerning importance of key information

4-Monitoring understanding

5-Establishing goals and defining tasks

6-Evaluating plans and reflecting on strategies selected
How many guidelines are there for teaching learning strategies?
There are 5.
What are the five guidelines for teaching learning strategies?
1- Understand the importance of students' knowledge

2- Emphasize task awareness

3- Stress the what, how, when, and why of strategy use

4- Take the time to develop students' strategic expertise

5-use content-area assignments as an opp. to reinforce learning strategies
Successful students who understand themselves as learners are aware of what?
They are aware of their own motivations, beliefs, strengths, and weaknesses.
What is the meaning of self-efficacy?
Students who strong, positive views of themselves as learners.
What does it mean to have high self-efficacy?
It is when students attribute academic success to their own effort and strategy use. They are more likely to choose learning strategies and approaches that require them to think critically and elaboratively.
What does it mean to have low self-efficacy?
It is when students attribute their failures to external factors (ie test was not fair). It is the attribution of academic success to chance or whims of teacher.
What is the principle of transfer appropriateness?
It means that the more appropriate the match between a study process and an academic task, the more easily info. can be transferred to long-term memory.
What is the significance of transfer appropriateness?
-Students must be taught how to analyze the tasks they will encounter in their content-area courses.

-Students must be able to determine and understand the levels of thinking demanded in their academic tasks.

-Teachers must provide clear and explicit info. about what we want students to do and how we want them to do it.
What are the three types of strategic knowledge students must have?
1-Declarative: the "what" of a strategy.

2-Procedural: the "how" of a strategy.

3-Conditional knowledge: the "when" and "why" to using variuos strategies.
Validated training approaches and models should have instruction that is what?
It should be direct, informed, and explanatory.
How long does it take before students begin to feel comfortable with a particular strategy?
It takes at least a few weeks.
What is one purpose of homework?
It reinforces students' learning strategies and in encouraging students to read their textbooks.
What kind of homework can be assigned to help students to see the connection b/w how they read and study their textbooks and the course expectations and requirements?
Homework that asks students to integrate particular strategies with the learning of the course content.

(i.e. students need to learn diff. glands and hormones- assign h/w requiring them to create a chart to summarize those concepts)
Students who are strategic learners understand what 4 things?
They understand
1. how their book is organized
2. how to interpret and record and assignment
3. how to begin reading their assignments
4. how to fix up situations where they are lost or do not undersand
What are some ways a teacher can help students get acquainted with the textbook?
Take part of a class period out to -explain characteristics of book
- have a workshop where students can answer questions on a worksheet
How can teachers help students select the most appropriate strategies
1-provide students with tasks that are explicit and descriptive

2-provide questions they should ask themselves about an assignment or task they must complete
What is previewing?
It is a strategy to prepare for the reading assignment.

It requires reading intro paragraphs, summaries, topic markers, boldfaced words, heading, visuals, and questions.
What are fix-up strategies?
observable or "in the head" techniques that active learners use when they are trying to increase their understanding of a concept.
What are some teaching activities for summarization?
-Provide students with examples of summaries you or former students have composed.

-Provide exemplaries of "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly"

-Give students debriefing sessions to work in small groups to compare and analyze summaries, and then, have a whole-class discussion
What are three note-taking formats that facilitate students' studying?
1-Sticky notes
2-Foldables
3-Index Cards
What are 2 strategies for taking class notes?
1-Split-Page notetaking format
2-Synthesis Journal
What is the Split-Page notetaking format?
Students record notes on right-hand side of a piece of paper. later, they write on the left-hand side of the paper key idea statements in order to reduce the information and see the big picture.
What is synthesized in a synthesis journal?
Different viewpoints (ie textbook, teacher, class)
(student then writes a generalization)
What are five strategies and activities that encourage critical thinking and metacognitive awareness?
1-study sheets

2-self questioning

3-talk through

4-Helping students think critically about texts

5- Encourage students to evaluate and reflect
What are study sheets?
They summarize and organize ideas from many sources
example: charts with categories
How can teachers help students with self-questioning?
Give out question stems so students can answer.
(ie what is an example of..?)
What is a talk-through?
It involves verbal rehearsal of content area concepts.
What are some benefits of the talk-through strategy?
-help determine what info. a student knows and what information is still unclear

-improve understanding of key terms

-help store info. in long-term memory

-make student actively involved in learning
How can teachers help students to think critically about texts?
-model and guide students through critical thinking processes of diff. texts

-Question and challenge the author with students
What are learning logs, and what is their purpose?
-student written entry after an exam describing in detail how they read and studied with a discussion whether their strategy choices were appropriate and how they predict their performance.

-allows students to evaluate and reflect about their performance