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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Intro to Development
pattern of continuity and change that occurs throughout life (involves both grown and decline)
cross-sectional study
people of different ages are assessed at the same time
Cohort Effect
when differences stem not from age development, but from the different historical and/or social time periods the groups lived in; potential problem with cross-sectional study
Narcissism
tendency to be self-centered, lack empathy, and have a high sense of entitlement
Longitudinal Study
the same people are assessed multiple times over a (typically long) period of time
Teratogens
chemicals & viruses that can cause birth defects (caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, HIV)
Infancy & Childhood
O to 10 years; gaze, suck, turn head
Infantile Amnesia
we typically do not recall memories before around age 3
Reflexes
1. drop a baby in water = wave legs & arms around, close mouth, constrict throat
2. a baby will grip something that is placed in their hands
3. child's cry
Cognitive Development
Plaget (supported education): schemas, assimilation, accomodation
Schemas
mental concepts or frameworks that organize and interpret info
Ex. birds
Assimilation
interpret new experiences in terms of existing schemas
Ex. seeing an animal w/ beak & wings & feathers = Bird
Accommodation
adapt our current understanding (schema) to incorporate new info
Ex. penguin- has wings & beak= not the same "bird"
Birth to nearly 2 years
1. Sensorimotor
2. Object Permanence
Sensorimotor
experiencing the world through senses and actions (Birth to nearly 2 years) Ex. Peek-A-Boo
Object Permanence
Awareness that objects continue to exist when not perceived (Birth to nearly 2 years)
2 to 6 or 7 years
1. Pre-operational
2. Egocentrism
Pre-operational
representing things with words and images (2-6/7 years)
Egocentrism
difficulty taking another's point of view (2-6/7 years)
Theory of Mind
our ideas about our own and others' mental states
Ex. False Belief Test: candles or crayons? (2-6/7 years)
7 to 11 years
1. Concrete operational
2. Conservation
Concrete Operational
thinking logically about concrete events (7-11 years)
Conservation
quality remains the same despite changes in shape
Ex. milk in glass- not yet grasped conservation (7-11 years)
Temperament
"baby personality"
Attachment
an emotional tie with another person
Ex. child & mother, imprinting
Origins of Attachment
1. Body Conflict
2. Familiarity
Stranger Anxiety
fear of strangers that infants commonly display
Ex. babies & Santa Claus
Types of Attachment
1. Secure & Trusting
2. Insecure & Anxious
3. Avoidant
Parenting Styles
1. Authoritarian
2. Permissive
3. Authoritative
Authoritarian
imposes rules and expects obedience with little verbal exchange (low self-esteem & less social skills for children)
Permissive
places few limits on the child and gives in to their desires (children: aggressive, immature, low respect for others)
Authoritative
encourages the child to be independent yet places limits on behavior (children: socially competent, self-reliant, responsible)
Adolescence
period of transition from childhood to adult
Brain Development: Frontal Lobe
maturation lags behind other parts of the brain
"The Heinz Dilemma"
wife w/ cancer needing an expensive drug, husband breaks in and steals the drug, good or bad idea? Why?
Moral Reasoning
thinking that occurs as we consider right from wrong (Kholberg's Moral Ladder)
Kholberg's Moral Ladder
1. Pre-conventional
2. Conventional
3. Post- Conventional
Pre-Conventional
focus on self-interest, obey rules to avoid punishment & gain reward
Conventional
focus on society's expectations; obey rules because they are rules
Post-Conventional
focus on people's rights; define and follow own ethical principles
The Trolley Problem
the role of emotion in moral reasoning
Identity
our sense of self that unifies our various roles
Identity Deficit
lacking an "adequate" identity that results in difficulty in making decisions
Identity Conflict
incompatibility between two or more aspects of identity