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31 Cards in this Set

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Lowell factories
He inventd the first factory systems. The factory included all parts of what was needed for the first time. Women and young childern were hired to work at these factories. Many more were being bult and people were having to work in worse and worse conditions for little pay. They began to strike. The Lowell Female Labor Reform Association was formed.
Second Bank of the US
Was chartered in 1816 five years after the first U.S. bank lost it's charter. After the war of 1812 the country experienced inflammation and had problems trying to fund the army. Founded by Jefferson and Gallitan when they found that the country couldn't support itself without it. The bank helped with selling of land and agriculture for lending money.
“American System”
A mercantilism economic plan rooted from Hamilton. Consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts; a tariff to protect American industries, a national bank to help commerce, a federal subsidies to found roads, canals, and any other improvements. Henry Clay was the leader and did the most with this system.
“Era of Good Feelings”
Between 1816 and 1824 the time Monroe was president. He downplayed partisanship. This was when partisan bitterness abated. Benjamin Russel coined the term after Monroe made a visit to Boston.
Tallmadge Amendment
Was submitted by James Tallmadge Jr, of the United States House of Representatives. He was looking for a way to get rid of slavery in Missouri during the generation. They agreed on the Missouri compromise, which did not include this amendment but slavery was prohibited in the Louisiana purchase.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Maryland had attempted to impede a branch of the Second Bank by imposing a tax on all notes from banks not charted in Maryland. The court thought that they targeting the National Bank. This fundamental case established the following two principles:

1. The Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government.
2. State action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government.

The opinion was written by Chief Justice John Marshall.
John Calhoun
Held every major position except president, wanted the south to succeed.
John Quincy Adams
was the sixth President of the United States (1825–1829). He was also an American diplomat and served in both the Senate and House of Representatives. He was a member of the Federalist, Democratic-Republican, National Republican, and later Anti-Masonic and Whig parties. Adams was the son of President John Adams and Abigail Adams.As a diplomat, Adams was involved in many international negotiations, and helped formulate the Monroe Doctrine as Secretary of State. Historians agree he was one of the great diplomats in American history.[2]

As president, he proposed a program of modernization and educational advancement, but was stymied by Congress, controlled by his enemies. Adams lost his 1828 bid for re-election to Andrew Jackson. In doing so, he became the first President since his father to serve a single term. As president, he presented a vision of national greatness resting on economic growth and a strong federal government, but his presidency was not a success as he lacked political adroitness, popularity or a network of supporters, and ran afoul of politicians eager to undercut him.
James Monroe
was the fifth President of the United States (1817–1825). Monroe was the last president who was a Founding Father of the United States, and the last president from the Virginia dynasty and the Republican Generation.[1] His presidency was marked both by an "Era of Good Feelings" – a period of relatively little partisan strife – and later by the Panic of 1819 and a fierce national debate over the admission of the Missouri Territory. Monroe is most noted for his proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, which stated that the United States would not tolerate further European intervention in the Americas.During the War of 1812, Monroe held the critical roles of Secretary of State and the Secretary of War under President James Madison. Facing little opposition from the fractured Federalist Party, Monroe was easily elected president in 1816, winning over 80 percent of the electoral vote. As president, he sought to ease partisan tensions and embarked on a tour of the country. He was well received everywhere, as nationalism surged, partisan fury subsided and the "Era of Good Feelings" ensued. The Panic of 1819 struck and dispute over the admission of Missouri embroiled the country in 1820. Nonetheless, Monroe won near-unanimous reelection. In 1823, he announced the Monroe Doctrine, which became a landmark in American foreign policy.
Blackhawk
Military equipment/people.
Henry Clay
was a 19th-century American planter, statesman and orator who represented Kentucky in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, where he served as Speaker. He also served as Secretary of State from 1825 to 1829.

He was a dominant figure in both the First and Second Party systems. As a leading war hawk, he favored war with Britain and played a significant role in leading the nation to war in 1812.[1] He was the foremost proponent of the American System, fighting for an increase in tariffs to foster industry in the United States, the use of federal funding to build and maintain infrastructure, and a strong national bank. He opposed the annexation of Texas, fearing it would inject the slavery issue into politics. Clay also opposed the Mexican-American War and the "Manifest Destiny" policy of Democrats, which cost him votes in the close 1844 election.
“Putting Out” System
The putting-out system was a means of subcontracting work. It was also known as the workshop system. In putting-out, work was contracted by a central agent to subcontractors who completed the work in their own facilities, usually their own homes. It was used in the English textile industry, in small farms, and lock making trades as late as the 19th century.
Robert Fulton
an inventor who successfully propelled the Clermont 150 miles up the Hudson River
Whig Party
the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party
National Road
the first great federal transportation project from Cumberland, Maryland, on the Potomac and Wheeling
Panic of 1819
a financial panic which brought ruin to people who had purchased tracts on credit and so the minimum payment per acre was lowered to $1.25 in cash
Specie
Precious metal used to back money, usually gold and silver
John Jacob Astor
a New York merchant who founded the fur trading post of Astoria
"Implied Powers"
Implied powers, in the United States, are those powers authorized by a legal document (from the Constitution) which, while not stated, are seemed to be implied by powers expressly stated.
Monroe Doctrine
A policy of the United States introduced on December 2, 1823. It stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S. intervention. It was introduced by President James Monroe. Ita policy of the United States introduced on December 2, 1823. It stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S. intervention.
European Grand Alliance
Group of major European powers including Austria, Russia and Prussia. France later joined after Napolean was beat in 1814. It's purpose was to protect legitimate authoritarion governments from democratic challanges.
Missouri Compromise
a policy of the United States introduced on December 2, 1823. It stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S. intervention.
Henry Clay
American planter, statesman and orator who represented Kentucky in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, where he served as Speaker. He also served as Secretary of State from 1825 to 1829.He was a dominant figure in both the First and Second Party systems. As a leading war hawk, he favored war with Britain and played a significant role in leading the nation to war in 1812.
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
Took place in 1819, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case dealing with the application of the Contract Clause of the United States Constitution to private corporations. The case arose when the president of Dartmouth College was deposed by its trustees, leading to the New Hampshire legislature attempting to force the college to become a public institution and thereby place the ability to appoint trustees in the hands of the governor. The Supreme Court upheld the sanctity of the original charter of the college, which pre-dated the creation of the State. The decision settled the nature of public versus private charters and resulted in the rise of the American business corporation.
Adams-Onis Treaty
the treaty that gave Spanish Florida to America. It was basically a result of American bullying of Spain. The treaty also created a new boundary that went north of Texas but ran all the way to the Pacific.
National Road
The first great federal transportation project that consisted of building a road stretching from Cumberland, Maryland, to Wheeling, Virginia. Although the new road was impressive, it better served travelers than transporters of bulky freight.
Erie Canal
A famous canal that connected the Atlantic with one of the Great Lakes. It was located between Albany and Buffalo, New York. Once built, it lowered the cost of goods in the West and reduced the cost of shipping goods in general. It inspired the canal boom of the 1830-1840s.
Cotton Gin
a machine invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 that cut the labor costs involoved in cleaning short-staple cotton, making cotton an easily marketable good. It caused the South to become the world's largest cotton manufacturer.
Balance of Power (between the North and South)
The concept of balance of power was the maintaining of equal numbers of slave states versus free states in America. This concept was a big issue during the Missouri debate because admitting Missouri as a slave state and not admitting Maine as a free state would have disrupted the balance of power, since there would have been one more slave state than free states.
"Preemption Rights"
These were the rights that squattors claimed. They would protect the squattors from having the land that they had already settled and farmed be bought out from under them in government land auctions when land surveying was taking place in the 1820s. These preemption rights also allowed squattors to purchase the land they were already living on for minimum price.
claims associations
groups of people who bought and distributed land in the western United States. These groups were around during the time of land auctions and early settlement in the west