Chapter 9: Dna

Front 1

nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA

Back 1

adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

Front 2

virus specialized to attack bacteria

Back 2

bacteriophage

Front 3

one of the nitrogen-containing, single or double-ringed structures that distinguish one nucleotide from another. In DNA, they are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine

Back 3

bases

Front 4

single DNA double helix together with proteins that help organize DNA

Back 4

chromosome

Front 5

mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are inserted into a gene

Back 5

insertion mutation

Front 6

mutation where one or more pairs of nucleotides are removed from a gene

Back 6

deletion mutation

Front 7

contains the genetic information of living cells; molecule composed of deoxyribose nucleotides

Back 7

DNA

Front 8

enzyme that helps unwind DNA double helix during DNA replication

Back 8

DNA helicase

Front 9

enzyme that joins the sugars and phosphates in a DNA strand to create a continuous sugar-phosphate backbone

Back 9

DNA ligase

Front 10

enzyme that bonds DNA nucleotides together into a continuous strand, using preexisting DNA strand as template

Back 10

DNA polymerase

Front 11

copying of the double-stranded DNA molecule, producing 2 identical DNA double helices

Back 11

DNA replication

Front 12

shape of the 2-stranded DNA molecule

Back 12

double helix

Front 13

nucleotides that have not been joined together to form a DNA or RNA strand

Back 13

free nucleotides

Front 14

unit of heredity; segment of DNA located at a particular place on a chromosome that encodes information for the amino acid sequence of a protein, and hence particular traits

Back 14

gene

Front 15

reversal of a chromosome segment and the gene sequence contained in it

Back 15

inversion

Front 16

change in the base sequence of DNA in a gene; refers to the genetic change significant enough to alter the appearance or function of an organism

Back 16

mutation

Front 17

mutation that replaces one nucleotide in a DNA molecule with another

Back 17

nucleotide substitution

Front 18

subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; a phosphate group bonded to a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), which is in turn bonded to a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine in DNA). Nucleotides are linked together, forming a strand of nucleic acid, as follows: Nucleotides are linked together, forming a strand of nucleic acid, by bonds between the phosphate or one nucleotide and the sugar of the next nucleotide

Back 18

nucleotide

Front 19

a mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed

Back 19

point mutation

Front 20

polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Back 20

protein

Front 21

in DNA replication, the unwound portion of the 2 parental DNA strands that have been separated by DNA helicase

Back 21

replication bubble

Front 22

the process of replication of the DNA double helix; the 2 DNA strands separate, and each is used as a template for the synthesis of a complementary DNA strand. Consequently, each daughter double helix consists of one parental strand and one new one

Back 22

semiconservative replication

Front 23

single polymer of nucleotides; DNA is composed of 2 strands

Back 23

strands

Front 24

a major feature of DNA structure, formed by attaching the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate from the adjacent nucleotide in a DNA strand

Back 24

sugar phosphate backbone

Front 25

: a method of acquiring new genes, whereby DNA from one bacteria (normally released after the death of the bacterium) becomes incorporated into the DNA of another, living, bacterium

Back 25

transformation

Front 26

translocation

Back 26

exchange of chromosomal segments between nonhomologous chromosomes