Chapter 9: Developmental Psychology

Front 1

Developmental Psychology

Back 1

Field of study that focuses on the systematic changes that occur during the human lifespan

Hint 1

From womb to tomb

Front 2

4 Major Issues Focused On

Back 2

Nature v. Nurture

Continuity v. Discontinuity

Stability Question

Universality Question

Front 3

Nature v. Nurture

Back 3

How much our development depends on genetic inheritance and how much comes from experience?

Front 4

Continuity v. Discontinuity

Back 4

Is development a gradual, continuous process or does it proceed through a sequence or separate stages?

Front 5

Stability Question

Back 5

Do traits that develop in infancy and childhood persist through the life stages or de we change?

Front 6

Universality Question

Back 6

Is development the same for children all over the world?

Front 7

Longitudinal Study

Back 7

Study the same group over a long period of time

Front 8

Cross-Sectional Study

Back 8

Study different ages groups at same time for comparison

Front 9

Cohort Effect

Back 9

Different people growing up in different times

Front 10

Prenatal Development

Back 10

Period from conception to birth

Hint 10

270-280 days

Front 11

Germinal Stage

Back 11

First 2 weeks

Hint 11

Zygote

Front 12

Embryonic Stage

Back 12

2-8 weeks

Front 13

Fetal Stage

Back 13

9th week until birth

Front 14

Threats to Prenatal Development

Back 14

Malnutrition

Teratogens

Front 15

Teratogens

Back 15

Environmental influences

Front 16

List of Teratogens

Back 16

1. Infectious diseases/STDS

2. Smoking

3. Alcohol/other drugs

4. X-Rays

5. Poisoning (Lead/mercury)

Front 17

Results of Teratogens

Back 17

1. Child having disease, conjunctivitis, blindness, death

2. Premature birth, low birth weight, learning disorders, lower IQ, death

3. Distinctive facial features, Learning disorders, premature birth, death

4. Mental retardation, cancer, miscarriage

5. Retardation, coma, death

Front 18

Early Reflexes

Back 18

1. Stepping Reflex (0-6 months)

2. Moro Reflex (0-4/5 months)

3. Palmar Reflex (0-5/6 months)

4. Rooting Reflex (0-4 months)

5. Plantar Reflex (0-2 months)

6. Swimming Reflex (0-4/6 months)

Hint 18

2. Falling sensation

3. Grip items

4. Turn head to nurse

5. Stroke baby's foot

6. Will paddle and kick

Front 19

Reflexes

Back 19

Responses you are born with

Front 20

Maturation

Back 20

Term used to describe a genetically programmed biological plan of emotional development that is relatively independent of experience

Front 21

Habituation

Back 21

Decreased responsiveness with repeated stimulation

Front 22

Temperament

Back 22

Refers to a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Front 23

Easy/ Flexible Infants

Back 23

Calm, set scheduled, respond well to strangers, adapt well

Hint 23

40%

Front 24

Difficult/Feisty Infants

Back 24

Not set scheduled, don't sleep at the same time

Hint 24

10%

Front 25

Slow to Warm Up/Cautious Infants

Back 25

Not well with strangers, shy, quiet

Hint 25

15%

Front 26

Temperament Explanation

Back 26

1. Partially determined by genetics

2. Tends to predict adult behaviors

3. Environment can influence

4. Can't be changed after childhood

Hint 26

New York Longitudinal Study

Front 27

Attachment

Back 27

Close emotional relationships between an infant and its caregivers

Hint 27

Develops over time

Front 28

Mary Ainsworth

Back 28

Study on attachment quality

Hint 28

Strange Situation

Front 29

Types of Attachment

Back 29

1. Secure

2. Insecure/Avoidant

3. Insecure Ambivalent/Resistant

4. Disorganized-Disoriented

Front 30

Secure Infants

Back 30

Distress when mother leaves

Front 31

Insecure / Avoidant Infants

Back 31

No signs of distress when mother leaves

Front 32

Insecure Ambivalent / Resistant Infants

Back 32

Intense distress when mother leaves

Front 33

Disorganized-Disoriented Infants

Back 33

Mix of behaviors when mother leaves

Front 34

Konrad Lorenz

Back 34

Studied process of imprinting

Front 35

Imprinting

Back 35

Formation of a strong bond of attachment on the first moving object seen after birth

Front 36

Harry and Marguerite Harlow

Back 36

Studied how baby monkeys form attachments to inanimate objects in the absence of the mother

Hint 36

Importance of comfort/love over food

Front 37

Diane Baumrind

Back 37

Studied parenting styles

Front 38

Types of Parenting Styles

Back 38

1. Authoritative Style

2. Authoritarian Style

3. Permissive Style

Front 39

Authoritative Style

Back 39

Firm, but understanding

Hint 39

Most successful method

Front 40

Authoritarian Style

Back 40

Rigid and controlling

Hint 40

Tiger mom

Front 41

Permissive Style

Back 41

Anything goes, no limits

Front 42

Erik Erikson

Back 42

8 Stages of Psychosocial Development

Front 43

Erikson's 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development

Back 43

1. Trust v. Mistrust

2. Autonomy v. Shame/Doubt

3. Initiative v. Guilt

4. Industry v. Inferiority

5. Identity v. Role Confusion

6. Intimacy v. Isolation

7. Generativity v. Stagnation

8.Integrity v. Despair

Front 44

Jean Piaget

Back 44

Cognitive Development Theorist

Front 45

Schema

Back 45

Mental framework that organizes and interprets information

Front 46

Assimilation

Back 46

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Front 47

Accommodations

Back 47

Adapting our current schema to incorporate new information

Front 48

Adaption

Back 48

Ability to adjust to new information and experiences

Front 49

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

Back 49

1. Sensorimotor Stage

2. Pre-Operational Stage

3. Concrete Operational Stage

4. Formal Operational Stage

Hint 49

There are 4

Front 50

Sensorimotor Stage (0-2)

Back 50

Explore and learns to control environment; Object permanence

Hint 50

Peek a boo

Front 51

Pre-Operational Stage (2-7)

Back 51

Acquires language and begins to see other points of view

Hint 51

Egocentric

Front 52

Concrete Operational Stage (7-11)

Back 52

Mental tasks are performed as long as objects are visible

Hint 52

Pizza example

Front 53

Formal Operational stage (11+)

Back 53

Mental tasks using abstract ideas

Hint 53

Abstract

Front 54

Adolescent brain not fully developed in:

Back 54

Judgement

Emotional Control

Organization

Planning

Front 55

Imaginary Audience

Back 55

Feeling that "everyone is looking at me"

Hint 55

Can lead to self-consciousness or loud, provocative behavior

Front 56

Personal Fable

Back 56

Exaggerated sense of one's uniqueness

Hint 56

Feelings of invulnerability can lead to risky behavior

Front 57

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

Back 57

1. Pre-Conventional Morality

2. Conventional Morality

3. Post-Conventional Morality

Hint 57

Why do we follow the rules?

Front 58

Pre-Conventional Morality

Back 58

Stage 1: avoid punishment

Stage 2: gain material awards

Hint 58

Focus is self-interest

Front 59

Conventional Morality

Back 59

Stage 3: good/bad boy/girl

Stage 4: law and order

Front 60

Post-Conventional Morality

Back 60

Stage 5: rights of others

Stage 6: abstract moral/ethical principles of justice, equality, respect, etc.

Front 61

Crystallized Intelligence

Back 61

General verbal ability and accumulated knowledge

Front 62

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

Back 62

Stages of Grief (Dying)

Front 63

Stages of Grief (Dying)

Back 63

1. Denial

2. Anger

3. Bargaining

4. Depression

5. Acceptance