Chapter 9 A & P

Front 1

Shoulder Complex

Back 1

Term used to include all of the structures involved with motion of the shoulder.

Front 2

Shoulder Complex (contd)

Back 2

Scapula

Clavicle

Sternum

Humerus

Rib Cage

Sternoclavicular Joint

AcromioClavicular joint

Glenohumeral joint

Scapulothoracic articulation

Front 3

Shoulder Girdle

Back 3

Term used to discuss activities of the Scapula and Clavicle (and to a lesser degree, the sternum)

Front 4

Scapulathoracic Articulation

Back 4

Scapula & Thorax. (Not directly attached but are connected indirectly by clavicle and several muscles)

Front 5

Shoulder Joint

Back 5

Also called Glenohumeral joint. Consists of Scapula and Humerus

Front 6

Superior medial aspect providing attachment for the Levator Scapula Muscle

Back 6

Superior Angle

Front 7

Most inferior point and where vertebral and axillary border meet. This point determines scapular rotation

Back 7

Inferior Angle

Front 8

Between superior and inferior angles medially, and attachment of the rhomboid and serratus anterior muscles

Back 8

Vertebral Border

Front 9

The lateral side between glenoid fossa and inferior angle

Back 9

Axillary Border

Front 10

Projection on posterior surface running from medial border laterally to the acromium process. Provides attachment for the middle and lower trapezius muscles

Back 10

Spine

Front 11

Projection on anterior surface, providing attachment for the pectorals minor muscle

Back 11

Coracoid Process

Front 12

Broad, flat area on superior lateral aspect, providing attachment for the upper trapezius muscle

Back 12

Acromion Process

Front 13

Slightly concave surface that articulates with humerus on superior lateral side above the axillary border and below acromion process

Back 13

Glenoid Fossa

Front 14

Sternal end of clavicle

Back 14

attaches medially to sternum

Front 15

Acromial end of clavicle

Back 15

attaches laterally to scapula and provides attachment for the upper trapezius muscle

Front 16

Body of the clavicle

Back 16

area between the two ends

Front 17

Manubrium of the Sternum

Back 17

Superior end of sternum providing attachment for the clavicle and first rib

Front 18

Body of the Sternum

Back 18

The middle two-thirds of the sternum, providing attachment for the remaining ribs

Front 19

Xiphoid Process

Back 19

The inferior tip of the sternum

Front 20

Sternoclavicular Joint

Back 20

Provides the shoulder girdle with its only direct attachment to the trunk. It is a plane shaped synovial joint with double gliding motion.

Front 21

Sternoclavicular Joint motions

Back 21

Elevation and Depression

Protraction and Retraction

Rotation

Front 22

Ligaments of the Sternoclavicular Joint

Back 22

Interclavicular Ligament

Costoclavicular Ligament

Sternoclavicular Ligament

Front 23

Sternoclavicular Ligament

Back 23

Connects the clavicle to the sternum

Front 24

Costoclavicular Ligament

Back 24

Connects the clavicle's inferior surface to the superior surface of the costal cartilage of the first rib

Front 25

Interclavicular Ligament

Back 25

Located on top of the manubrium, connecting the superior sternal ends of the clavicles.

Front 26

Acromioclavicular Joint

Back 26

Connects acromion process of the scapula with the lateral end of the clavicle

Front 27

Ligaments of the Acromioclavicular Joint

Back 27

Acromioclavicular ligaments

Coracoacromial ligament

Coracoclavicular ligament

Front 28

Acromioclavicular Ligaments

Back 28

Support the joint by holding the acromion process to the clavicle, thus preventing dislocation of the clavicle

Front 29

Coracoclavicular Ligament

Back 29

provides stability to the joint and allows scapula to be suspended. Connects scapula to the clavicle by attaching to the inferior surface of the clavicle's lateral end

Front 30

Coracoacromial Ligament

Back 30

Forms a roof over the head of the humerus and serves as a protective arch, providing support to the head when an upward force is transmitted along the humerus. It attaches laterally on the superior surface of the coracoid process.

Front 31

Linear Joint Motions

Back 31

Elevation/Depression

Protraction/Retraction

Front 32

Joint Angular Motions

Back 32

Upward Rotation/Downward Rotation

Front 33

Upward Rotation

Back 33

Inferior angle of the scapula rotates up and away from vertebral column

Front 34

Downward Rotation

Back 34

Return of the scapula to the resting anatomical position

Front 35

Scapula Tilt (joint motion)

Back 35

Occurs when shoulder goes into hyperextension. Superior end of scapula tilts anteriorly, and inferior end tilts posteriorly.

Front 36

Scapula Winging

Back 36

Posterior lateral movement of the vertebral border of the scapula in the transverse plane. (Vertebral border of the scapula moves away from the rib cage). (seen most often at scapulothoracic articulation).

Front 37

Scapulohumeral Rhythm

Back 37

Describes movement relationship between the shoulder girdle and shoulder joint. First 30 degrees of shoulder joint motion is pure shoulder movement After that, for every 2 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction that occurs, the scapula must upwardly rotate 1 degree (2:1)

Front 38

Shoulder Joint: Shoulder Girdle movements

Back 38

Joint : Girdle (movement)

Flexion : Upward Rotation/Protraction

Extension : Downward Rotation/Retraction

Hyperextension : Scapular Tilt

Abduction: Upward Rotation

Adduction : Downward Rotation

Medial Rotation : Protraction

Lateral Rotation : Retraction

Horizontal abduction : Retraction

Horizontal adduction : Retraction

Front 39

Shoulder Girdle Muscles

Back 39

Trapezius

Levator Scapula

Rhomboids

Serratus Anterior

Pectoralis Minor

Front 40

Upper Trapezius

Back 40

O: Occipital bone, nucahla ligament on upper cervical spinous processes

I: Outer 3rd clavicle, acromion process

A: Scapular elevation and upward rotation

Front 41

Middle Trapezius

Back 41

O: Spinous processes of C7 through T3

I: Scapula Spine

A: Scapula Retraction

Front 42

Lower Trapezius

Back 42

O: Spinous processes of middle and lower thoracic vertebrae

I: Base of the scapular spine

A: Scapular depression and upward rotation

Front 43

Levator Scapular Muscle

Back 43

O: Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae

I: Vertebral border of scapula btw superior angle and spine

A: Scapula elevation and downward rotation

Front 44

Rhomboid Muscles

Back 44

O: Spinous processes of C7 - T5

I: Vertebral boder of scapula btw spine and inferior angle

A: Scapular retraction, elevation and downward rotation

Front 45

Serratus Anterior Muscle

Back 45

O: Lateral surface of the upper weight ribs

I: Vertebral border of scapula, anterior surface

A: Scapular protraction and upward rotation

Front 46

Pectoralis Minor Muscle

Back 46

O: Anterior surface. 3rd through 5th ribs.

I: Coracoid process of the scapula.

A: Scapular depression, protractio, downward rotation, and tilt

Front 47

Force couple

Back 47

Muscles pulling in different directions to accomplish the same motion.

Front 48

Reversal of muscle action

Back 48

This is when the insertion of a muscle is stabilized, so that it is the origin that moves.

Front 49

Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle

RETRACTION

Back 49

Middle Trapezius

Rhomboids

Front 50

Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle

PROTRACTION

Back 50

Serratus Anterior

Pectoralis Minor

Front 51

Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle

ELEVATION

Back 51

Upper Trapezius

Levator Scapula

Rhomboids

Front 52

Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle

DEPRESSION

Back 52

Lower Trapezius

Pectoralis Minor

Front 53

Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle

UPWARD ROTATION

Back 53

Upper trapezius

Lower Trapezius

Serratus Anterior

Front 54

Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle

DOWNWARD ROTATION

Back 54

Rhomboids

Levator Scapulae

Pectoralis Minor

Front 55

Prime Movers of Shoulder Girdle

SCAPULAR TILT

Back 55

Pectoralis Minor

Front 56

Segmental Innervation

TRAPEZIUS

Back 56

C3

C4

Front 57

Segmental Innervation

LEVATOR SCAPULA

Back 57

C3

C4

C5

Front 58

Segmental Innervation

RHOMBOIDS

Back 58

C5

Front 59

Segmental Innervation

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

Back 59

C4

C5

C6

Front 60

Segmental Innervation

PECTORALIS MINOR

Back 60

C7

C8