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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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________ is molten rock below the surface |
Magma |
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_______ is molten rock at the surface |
Lava |
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How easily gases escape from magma is controlled by ____________ |
Magma viscosity |
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__________ is the resistance to flow |
Viscosity |
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Viscosity depends on what? |
Temperature and Magma composition |
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Magma composition varies with _____________ |
Plate techtonic settings |
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What are the gases that are dissolved by magma? |
Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide |
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Pressure on magma _________ as magma _________ |
Decreases ; rises to the surface |
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Gasses are _____ as pressure _____ |
Released ; decreases |
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Viscosity depends upon ______ composition |
Magma |
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_____ is a combination of oxygen and silicon that combines with other elements (like sodium and potassium)to form minerals |
Silica |
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Elements combine to form simple structures in minerals with _______ silica which equals _____ viscosity |
Less; low |
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Elements combine to form more complex structures in minerals with _____ silica which equal _____ viscosity |
More; high |
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More viscosity means __________ eruptions |
More violent |
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Gases escape easily during _____ eruptions with low viscosity magma |
Mild |
Hawaii |
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Gasses escape ______ from high viscosity magma |
Explosively |
My saint Helen's |
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Divergent boundaries get _____ eruptions because of basalt |
Mild |
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Hot spots get ___ eruptions because of basalt |
Mild |
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Convergent boundaries mean _______ eruptions along the pacific (ring of fire) because it produces andesite |
Explosive |
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What is the result of a continental continental collision |
My saint Helen's |
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A moderate landslide on the north side of Mt. Saint Helen's the pressure released on the near surface magma, and the lateral blast produces an initial sideways eruption to the north |
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________ measures the volume of erupted material (eight divisions on log scale x10 increase between divisions) |
Volcanic explosivity index (VEI) |
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Explosive volcanoes have almost no lava because of all the _____ |
Gases |
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The eruption of Mount St. Helen's reduced the height by _______ |
400 meters |
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Features near the volcano were blown away or carried away by produces of the ______ |
Eruption |
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______ represents particles blasted into the air by eruption (volcanic bombs and ash are found near and far from the eruption source) |
Tephra |
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Blobs of magma solidify to form _________ |
Lava bombs |
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Winds can transport fine volcanic ash for hundreds of kilometers ______ |
Downwind |
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Volcanic gases (water vapor, suffer dioxide, carbon dioxide) may affect __________ |
Climate patterns |
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Low viscosity lava (basalt) can flow up to ______ from its source |
50km |
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Lava is transported to front of lava flows in long _______________ |
Lava tubes |
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When there is lots of lava it is more than likely a ______ eruption |
Mild eruption |
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Higher viscosity lava remains within ____________ |
Volcano craters |
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________ is formed in a crater of mount Saint Helen's |
A lava dome |
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__________is a dense cloud formed from a combination of tephra and volcanic gasses (fastest moving with temperatures up to 700℃ |
Pyroclastic flows |
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_______ mudflows formed when volcanic debris mixes with streams or melting ice and is often confined to stream channels |
Lahars |
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What are the three different types of volcanoes |
Shield, stratovolcanoes, cinder cones |
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*Broad, gentle slopes *Built from many low viscosity lava flows (basalt) *relatively mild eruptions associated with hot spots, divergent plate boundaries. These are all characteristics of what type of volcano? And what is an example of this type of volcano? |
Shield volcanoes ; Hawaiian Islands |
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*Most common type of volcano type- also called composite volcanoes *steeper slopes built from alternating layers of pyroclastic debris and viscous lava *form along subducting zones (convergent boundaries) These are all characteristics of what type of volcano? And what is an example of this type of volcano? |
Stratovolcanoes ; Mount Saint Helen's |
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*smallest volcanoes up to 400 meters elevation *built from viscous magma products (coarse tephra) *may form on slopes of shield or stratovolcanose These are all characteristics of what type of volcano? |
Cinder come volcanoes |
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___________ are giant craters formed from collapse of volcanoes into a underlying magma chamber. What are 2 examples of this |
Caldera; Yellowstone and crater lake |
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____________ may block solar radiation temporarily reducing global temperature |
Sulfur dioxide |
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