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34 Cards in this Set

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Mitotic

Division of nucleus = mitosis cytokinesis 4

4 stages of cell cycle

G1= growth


S stage= synthesis


G2= growth


M stage= mitotic cell

Cell cycle

Serious of events in a eukaryotic cell between one cell division and the next

Chromosomes come in:

Pairs ... 2 of each kind that look alike.

Chromosomes come in:

Pairs ... 2 of each kind that look alike.

Must be present for cell to proceed in cell cycle..

1. From the G2 stage to the M stage



2. From G1 stage to S stage

Apoptosis =

Programmed cell death

Cells have enzymes ______ required for apoptosis to occur.

Caspases

Centrosome =

Forms centrioles

Phases of Mitosis:

1. Prophase


2. Prometaphase


3. Metaphase


4. Anaphase


5. Telophase

PPMAT

Prophase :

Chromatin has condensed



Nucleus disappears



Nuclear envelope disintegrates



Spindle begins to assemble

Prometaphase:

Kinetochores (anchors) develop centromere.... These attach sister chromatids to spindle fibers.

Metaphase:

Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell

Anaphase :

Sister chromatids split



Each half is pulled to the opposite poles

Telophase:

Spindle disappears



New nuclear envelopes forms



Chromosomes become diffuse chromatin again



Nucleolus appears in each daughter nucleus

Multicellular organisms cell division =

1.Growth


2.Repair

Two major functions of cell division :

1.Maintain ideal: "surface are to volume ratio"



2.Transfer "complete" sets of chromosomes

When a eukaryotic cell is not dividing .. The DNA is a tangled mess of:

Chromatin

Before nuclear division : Chromatin....

1.replicates (interphase)


2.condenses (early prophase) into chromosomes

Each species has a certain....

# of chromosomes

In humans the number of chromosomes=

46

M stage= Mitotic Stage cell division stage that includes:

1. mitosis (nuclear division)


2. Cytokinesis (cytoplasm division) ... Division of rest of cell

Cell cycle control.. Internal signal protein=

Cyclin

Levels of this protein (Cyclin) ________ & _______ as a cell cycle continues..

Increase & decrese

Cytokinesis

Begins in anaphase



Continues in telophase



Completion at the following interphase

Cytokinesis

Begins in anaphase



Continues in telophase



Completion at the following interphase

Prokaryotic cell division (bacteria) they lack a _______

Nucleus

Cytokinesis

Begins in anaphase



Continues in telophase



Completion at the following interphase

Prokaryotic cell division (bacteria) they lack a _______

Nucleus

Prokaryotic cell division lack other .....

Membraneous organelles

Cytokinesis

Begins in anaphase



Continues in telophase



Completion at the following interphase

Prokaryotic cell division (bacteria) they lack a _______

Nucleus

Prokaryotic cell division lack other .....

Membraneous organelles

Cancer =

Mitosis gone crazy!!!



Growth disorder that results from the mutation of genes regulating the cell cycle