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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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grammar |
the rules of language that enable the communicator to combine symbols to convey meaning |
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phonology |
rules governing how sounds should be combined to make words in a language |
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syntax |
rules governing how words should be combined to form sentences |
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semantics |
rules used in a language to communicate meaning |
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phonemes |
the smallest significant sound units in speech |
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morphemes |
the smallest units in a language that carry meaning |
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pragmatics |
the practical knowledge used to comprehend the intentions of a speaker and to produce an effective response |
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functional fixedness |
the tendency to see objects, and their functions, in certain fixed and typical ways |
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heuristics |
the rules of thumb we use to solve problems; can usually be applied quickly, but they do not guarantee a solution will be found |
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means-ends analysis |
breaking down the problem into a series of more manageable sub-goals, where the appropriate means to an end are clear |
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mental set |
the tendency to rely on well-established strategies when attempting to solve problems |
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insight |
the moment when a problem solution seems to pop suddenly into one's mind |
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framing |
the way in which the alternatives in a decision-making process are structured |
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confirmation bias |
the tendency to seek out a use info that supports and confirms a prior decision or belief |
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representativeness heuristic |
tendency to make decisions based on an alternatives similarity, or representativeness, in relation to an ideal |
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availability heuristic |
tendency to base estimates on the ease with which examples come to mind |
