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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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connective tissue composed of a liquid medium called plasma in wihch solid components are suspended
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blood
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cell fragments
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thrombocytes (platelets)
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bone marrow (myelogenic), tissue of the skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, and pelvis as well as at the ends of the long bones in the arms and legs
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where blood cells are formed
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undifferentiated cell where blood cells develop from
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stem cell
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the development and maturation of blood cells
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hematopoiesis or hemopoiesis
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red blood cell development
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erythropoiesis
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white blood cell development
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leukopoiesis
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platelet development
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thrombopoeisis
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carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
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erythrocytes
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iron-containing compound that gives erythrocytes their red color
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hemoglobin
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a small fragment of nuclear material that resembles a fine, lacy net
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reticulocyte
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after 120 days, these rupture, releasing hemoglobin and cell fragments
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red blood cells (RBC)
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iron compound
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hemosiderin
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protects the body against invasion by bacteria and foreign substances, removing debris from injured tissue, and aiding in the healing process
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leukocytes
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migration through the endothelial walls of capillaries and venules and enter tissue
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diapedesis
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the most abundant type of leukocyte that contains granules in their cytoplasm, and in their mature form, exhibit a multilobed nucleus
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granulocyte
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neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
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three types of granulocytes
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very motile and highly phagocytic, permitting them to ingestand devour bacteria and other particulate matter; the first cell to appear at a site of injury of infection to begin the work of phagocyting foreign matter
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neutrophils
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protect the body by releasing many substances capable of neutralizing toxic compounds; they increase in number during allergic reactions and animal parasite infections
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eosinophils
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release histamines and heparin when tissue is damaged
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basophils
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initiate inflammation, leading to increased blood flow
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histamines
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acts to prevent blood from clotting
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heparin
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arise in te bone marrow from stem cells; frequently called mononuclear leukocytes because their nuclei do not form lobes
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agranulocytes
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mildly phagocytic when found in blood vessels; when they exit the vascular system, they transform into macrophages
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mnocytes
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voracious phagocytes capable of ingesting pathogens, dead cells, and debris found at sites of inflammation
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macrophages
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include B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells
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lymphocytes
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the smallest formed elements found in blood; nottrue cells
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platelets
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the liquid portion of the blood in which blood cells are suspended
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plasma
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plasma - fibrinogen= ?
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serum
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consists of a fluid called lymph, a network of transporting vessels called lymph vessels, and a multiplicity of other structures, including nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils
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lymph system
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functions of the lymph system
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maintaining the fluid balance of the body by draining extracellular fluid from tissue spaces returning it to the blood; transporting lipids away from the digestive organs for use by body tissues; filtering and removing unwanted or infectious products in lymph nodes
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form of resistance that develops after birth and is the most complex in both structure and function; it develops throughout life as a result of exposure to one disease after another
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acquired immune response
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enter tissue spaces and become highly phagocytic macrophages; the consume large numbers of bacteria and other antigens
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monocytes
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protects primarily against extracellular antigens, such as bacteria and viruses, that have not yet entered a cell
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humoral immunity
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protects primarily against intracellular antigens such as viruses and also has the ability to destroy cancer cells
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cellular immunity
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these work independently of the specific immune response and it will attack any cell that appears abnormal, and does not require the specificity needed by T cells and B cells
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natural killer (NK) cells
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any condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is less than that required by the body
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anemia
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chronic, progressive disorder found mostly in people older than age 50; treated with B12 injections
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prenicious anemia
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most common genetic disorder in people of African descent; characterized by red blood cells that change from their normal shape to crescents and other irregular shapes that cannot enter capillaries when oxygen levels are low, resulting in sever pain and internal bleeding; only in patients with both genes for the trait
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sickle cell anemia
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transmissible infectious disease cause by HIV, which slowly destroys the immune system
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AIDS
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symptoms of AIDS
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swollen lymph glands, malaise, fever, night sweats, and weight loss
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an acquired abnormal immune response
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allergy
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failure of the body to distinguish accurately between "self" and "nonself"; the immune system attacks the antigens found on its own cells to such an extent that tissue injury results
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autoimmune disease
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autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junctions
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myasthenia
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other autimmune diseases
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rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), vasculitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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abnormal accumulation of fluids in the interceullular spaces of the body
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edema
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hereditary disorder in which the blood clotting mechanism is impaired
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hemophilia
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deficiency in clotting factor VIII
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hemophilia A
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deficiency in clotting factor IX
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hemophilia B
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mild symptoms of hemophilia
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nosebleeds, easy bruising, and bleeding from the gums
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severe symptoms of hemophilia
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areas of blood seepage (hematomas) deep within the muscles
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oncological disorder of the blood-forming organs characterized by an overgrowth of blood cells; malignant cells replace healthy bone marrow cells
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leukemia
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a malignant disease that affects the lymphatic system, primarily th lymph nodes; begins with a painless enlargement of lymoh nodes, typically on one side of the neck, chest, or underarm
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Hodgkin disease
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other symptoms of Hodgin disease
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extreme itching, weight loss, progressive anemia, and fever
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malignancy of connective tissue including bone, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue its closely associated with AIDS and is commonly fatal
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Kaposi Sarcoma
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immunity developed as consequence if exposure to an antigen and the subsequent development of antibodies
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active immunity
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immunity in which antibodies or other immune substances formed in one individual are transferred to another indvidual to provide immediate, temporary immunity
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passive immunity
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measurement of the amount of hemoglobin in a whole sample
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hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb)
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measurement of the percentage of packed RBCs in a whole blood sample; aka crit
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hematocrit (Hct)
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test used to assess the absorption of radioactive vitamin B12 by the GI system
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Schilling test
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injecting of blood or blood components into the bloodstream
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transfusion
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transfusion prepared from the recipiant's own blood
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autologous
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transfusion prepared from another individual whose blood is compatible with that of the recipiant
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homologous
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grafting of living tissue from its normal position to another site or from one person to another
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transplantation
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prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting one or more clotting factors
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anticoagulants
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prevent the replication of viruses within host cells
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antivirals (t treat HIV-AIDS)
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dissolve blood clots by destroying the fibrin strands that make up the clot
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thrombolytics
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AIDS
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acquired immunodeficency syndrome
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EBV
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Epstein-Barr virus
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HIV
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human immunodeficiency virus
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CBC
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complete blood count
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diff
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differential count (WBC)
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ABO
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blood groups A, AB, B, and O
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