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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell cycle
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each time a cell goes through one, it becomes 2 cells.
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interphase
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the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates or makes copies of its DNA in preparation for the next stage of the cycle.
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interphases 3 substages
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G1,S,G2
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Mitosis
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the nucleus and nuclear material divide. Has 4 substages.
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Cytokinesis
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method by which a cells cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell.
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Chromosomes
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structures that contain the genetic material that is passed from generation to generation of the cells.
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Chromatin
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relaxed form of DNA in the cell's nucleus.
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prophase
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1st stage of mitosis, dividing cell spends the most time here. Chromosomes are shaped like an X.
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sister chromatids
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structures that contain identical copes of DNA.
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Centromere
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structure at the center of the chromosome where the sister chromatids are attached
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spindle apparatus
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moves and organizes chromosomes before cell division. (whole structure including fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers)
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metaphase
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2nd stage of mitosis, sister chromatids are pulled by motor proteins along the spindle apparatus toward the center of the cell and line up in the middle or equator of the cell. shortest stage-at end cells have accurate copies of the chromosomes.
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anaphase
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chromatids are pulled apart, 3rd stage of mitosis. sister chromatids separate into 2 identical chromosomes. at the end the chromosomes move towards the poles of the cells.
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telophase
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chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and begin to relax, or decondense. 2 nuclear membranes begin to form and the nucleoli reppaear. The nuclear material is divided and the process of cell division is not yet complete.
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cyclin
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these bind to enzymes called cyclin-dependent kinases in the stages of interphase and mitosis to start the various activities that take place in the cell cycle.
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cyclin dependent kinase
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in the stages of interphase and mitosis to start the various activities that take place in the cell cycle. Different combos control different activities at different stages in the cycle.
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cancer
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uncontrolled growth and division of cells
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carcinogens
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substances and agents that are known to cause cancer.
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apoptosis
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programmed cell death.
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stem cells
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unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells when under the right conditions. can stay in an organisms for many years under cell division. there are 2 basic types- embryonic and adult
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