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30 Cards in this Set
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John Calhoun
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Held every major position except president, wanted the south to succeed.
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John Quincy Adams
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was the sixth President of the United States (1825–1829). He was also an American diplomat and served in both the Senate and House of Representatives. He was a member of the Federalist, Democratic-Republican, National Republican, and later Anti-Masonic and Whig parties. Adams was the son of President John Adams and Abigail Adams.As a diplomat, Adams was involved in many international negotiations, and helped formulate the Monroe Doctrine as Secretary of State. Historians agree he was one of the great diplomats in American history. As president, he proposed a program of modernization and educational advancement, but was stymied by Congress, controlled by his enemies. Adams lost his 1828 bid for re-election to Andrew Jackson. In doing so, he became the first President since his father to serve a single term. As president, he presented a vision of national greatness resting on economic growth and a strong federal government, but his presidency was not a success as he lacked political adroitness, popularity or a network of supporters, and ran afoul of politicians eager to undercut him.
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James Monroe
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was the fifth President of the United States (1817–1825). Monroe was the last president who was a Founding Father of the United States, and the last president from the Virginia dynasty and the Republican Generation. His presidency was marked both by an "Era of Good Feelings" – a period of relatively little partisan strife – and later by the Panic of 1819 and a fierce national debate over the admission of the Missouri Territory. Monroe is most noted for his proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, which stated that the United States would not tolerate further European intervention in the Americas.During the War of 1812, Monroe held the critical roles of Secretary of State and the Secretary of War under President James Madison. Facing little opposition from the fractured Federalist Party, Monroe was easily elected president in 1816, winning over 80 percent of the electoral vote. As president, he sought to ease partisan tensions and embarked on a tour of the country. He was well received everywhere, as nationalism surged, partisan fury subsided and the "Era of Good Feelings" ensued. The Panic of 1819 struck and dispute over the admission of Missouri embroiled the country in 1820. Nonetheless, Monroe won near-unanimous reelection. In 1823, he announced the Monroe Doctrine, which became a landmark in American foreign policy.
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Blackhawk
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Leader of the last Indian stand against Americans.
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Henry Clay
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Was a 19th-century American planter, statesman and orator who represented Kentucky in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, where he served as Speaker. He also served as Secretary of State from 1825 to 1829.
He was a dominant figure in both the First and Second Party systems. As a leading war hawk, he favored war with Britain and played a significant role in leading the nation to war in 1812.[1] He was the foremost proponent of the American System, fighting for an increase in tariffs to foster industry in the United States, the use of federal funding to build and maintain infrastructure, and a strong national bank. He opposed the annexation of Texas, fearing it would inject the slavery issue into politics. Clay also opposed the Mexican-American War and the "Manifest Destiny" policy of Democrats, which cost him votes in the close 1844 election. |
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McCulloch v. Maryland
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Maryland had attempted to impede a branch of the Second Bank by imposing a tax on all notes from banks not charted in Maryland. The court thought that they targeting the National Bank. This fundamental case established the following two principles:
1. The Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government. 2. State action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government. The opinion was written by Chief Justice John Marshall. |
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John Jacob Astor
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a New York merchant who founded the fur trading post of Astoria
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Robert Fulton
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an inventor who successfully propelled the Clermont 150 miles up the Hudson River
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Panic of 1819
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a financial panic which brought ruin to people who had purchased tracts on credit and so the minimum payment per acre was lowered to $1.25 in cash
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Whig Party
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the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party
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National Road
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first great federal transportation project from Cumberland, Maryland, on the Potomac and Wheeling
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Specie
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Precious metal used to back money, usually gold and silver
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Henry Clay
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American planter, statesman and orator who represented Kentucky in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, where he served as Speaker. He also served as Secretary of State from 1825 to 1829.
He was a dominant figure in both the First and Second Party systems. As a leading war hawk, he favored war with Britain and played a significant role in leading the nation to war in 1812. |
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Dartmouth College v. Woodward
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Took place in 1819, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case dealing with the application of the Contract Clause of the United States Constitution to private corporations. The case arose when the president of Dartmouth College was deposed by its trustees, leading to the New Hampshire legislature attempting to force the college to become a public institution and thereby place the ability to appoint trustees in the hands of the governor. The Supreme Court upheld the sanctity of the original charter of the college, which pre-dated the creation of the State. The decision settled the nature of public versus private charters and resulted in the rise of the American business corporation.
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"Implied Powers"
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Implied powers, in the United States, are those powers authorized by a legal document (from the Constitution) which, while not stated, are seemed to be implied by powers expressly stated.
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Monroe Doctrine
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A policy of the United States introduced on December 2, 1823. It stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S. intervention. It was introduced by President James Monroe. Ita policy of the United States introduced on December 2, 1823. It stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S. intervention.
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European Grand Alliance
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Group of major European powers including Austria, Russia and Prussia. France later joined after Napolean was beat in 1814. It's purpose was to protect legitimate authoritarion governments from democratic challanges.
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Missouri Compromise
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a policy of the United States introduced on December 2, 1823. It stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S. intervention.
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"Preemption Rights"
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These were the rights that squattors claimed. They would protect the squattors from having the land that they had already settled and farmed be bought out from under them in government land auctions when land surveying was taking place in the 1820s. These preemption rights also allowed squattors to purchase the land they were already living on for minimum price.
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Adams-Onis Treaty
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the treaty that gave Spanish Florida to America. It was basically a result of American bullying of Spain. The treaty also created a new boundary that went north of Texas but ran all the way to the Pacific.
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National Road
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The first great federal transportation project that consisted of building a road stretching from Cumberland, Maryland, to Wheeling, Virginia. Although the new road was impressive, it better served travelers than transporters of bulky freight.
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Erie Canal
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A famous canal that connected the Atlantic with one of the Great Lakes. It was located between Albany and Buffalo, New York. Once built, it lowered the cost of goods in the West and reduced the cost of shipping goods in general. It inspired the canal boom of the 1830-1840s.
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Cotton Gin
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a machine invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 that cut the labor costs involoved in cleaning short-staple cotton, making cotton an easily marketable good. It caused the South to become the world's largest cotton manufacturer.
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Balance of Power (between the North and South)
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The concept of balance of power was the maintaining of equal numbers of slave states versus free states in America. This concept was a big issue during the Missouri debate because admitting Missouri as a slave state and not admitting Maine as a free state would have disrupted the balance of power, since there would have been one more slave state than free states.
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“Putting Out” System
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The putting-out system was a means of subcontracting work. It was also known as the workshop system. In putting-out, work was contracted by a central agent to subcontractors who completed the work in their own facilities, usually their own homes. It was used in the English textile industry, in small farms, and lock making trades as late as the 19th century.
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Lowell factories
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Francis Cabot Lowell invented the first factory system. A series of mills and factories were built along the Merrimack River by the Boston Manufacturing Company. For the first time in the US, these mills combined the textile processes of spinning and weaving under one roof, essentially eliminating the putting-out system in favor of mass production of high-quality cloth. The workforce at these factories was three-quarters women.
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Second Bank of the US
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The Second Bank of the United States was chartered in 1816, five years after theFirst Bank of the United Sates lost its own charter. The Second Bank of the United States was initially headquartered in Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia, the same as the First Bank, and had branches throughout the nation.
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“American System”
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The American System, originally called "The American Way", was a mercantilist economic plan that played a prominent role in American policy during the first half of the 19th century. Rooted in the "American School" ideas of Alexander Hamilton, the plan "consisted of three mutually reenforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other 'internal improvements' to develop profitable markets for agriculture." Congressman Henry Clay was the plan's foremost proponent and the first to refer to it as the “American System”.
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“Era of Good Feelings”
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The Era of Good Feelings was a period in United States political history in which partisan bitterness abated. It lasted approximately from 1816 to 1824, during the administration of U.S. President James Monroe, who deliberately downplayed partisanship.
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Tallmadge Amendment
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The Tallmadge Amendment was submitted by James Tallmadge, Jr. in the United States House of Representatives on February 13, 1819, during the debate regarding the admission of Missouri as a state. Tallmadge, an opponent of slavery, sought to impose conditions on Missouri that would extinguish slavery within a generation. The amendment was not passed in the Senate.
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