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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chromosome
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rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins
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histone
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protein that the DNA wraps tightly around
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chromatid
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a half of a chromosome
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centromere
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the point at which two chromatids are attached
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chromatin
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less tightly DNA-protein complex
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sex chromosomes
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chromosomes that determine the sex of the organism
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autosome
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any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome otherwise known to have the body characteristics
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homologous chromosome
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a chromosome that has the same sequence of genes, has the same structure, and that pair during meiosis
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karyotype
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a photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human
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diploid
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a cell having two sets of chromosomes; two autosomes for each homologous pair
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haploid
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sperm and egg cells, containing only one set of chromosomes
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binary fission
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the division of prokaryotic cells into two offspring cells
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mitosis
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a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
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asexual reproduction
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the production of offspring from one parent
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meiosis
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a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells
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gametes
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haploid reproductive cells
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interphase
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the time between cell divisions
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cytokinesis
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the division of the cell's cytoplasm
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prophase
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the first phase of mitosis (page 156)
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spindle fiber
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one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists in the movement of chromosomes
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metaphase
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the second phase of mitosis (page 157)
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anaphase
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a phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes seperate (pg 157)
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telophase
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the final stage of mitosis or meiosis, during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes (pg 157)
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cell plate
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the precursor of a new plant cell wall tha tforms during cell division and divides a cell into two
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synapsis
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the pairing of homologous chromosomes
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crossing-over
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the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination
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genetic recombination
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the new mixture of genetic material
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independent assortment
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the random separation of the homologous chromosomes; results in genetic variation
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spermatogenesis
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the production of sperm cells
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oogenesis
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the production of mature egg cells
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polar bodies
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short lived products of the formation of gametes by meiosis
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sexual reproduction
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the production of offspring through meiosis and the union of a sperm and an egg
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