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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Activation Energy |
Energy needed to form or break chemical bonds and convert a reactant or reactants to a product or products |
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Active site |
Location within an enzyme where substrates bind |
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Allosteric |
Alteration of the activity of a protein through the binding of an effector molecule at a specific site |
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Anabolism |
Chemical reactions that convert small molecules into large structures and require an input of energy |
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Apoenzyme |
The protein (only) portion of an enzyme |
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ATP synthase |
Biological nano-machine that harnesses the energy of the proton (H+) motive force by allowing hydrogen ions to diffuse down their electrochemical gradient, causing components of this protein to spin making ATP from ADP and P |
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Calvin - Benson cycle |
Most common CO2 fixation pathway in photoautotrophs; occurs in the cytoplasm of photosynthetic bacteria and in the stroma of eukaryotic chloroplasts. |
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Catabolism |
Chemical reactions that break down large molecules and release energy |
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Catalyst |
Molecule that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed or changed by the reaction |
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Chemiosmosis |
Flow of hydrogen ions across a membrane through ATP synthase |
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Coenzyme |
Organic molecule required for proper enzyme function that is not consumed and is reusable |
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Cofactor |
Inorganic ion that stabilize enzyme confirmation and function |
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Competitive inhibition |
Molecule that binds to the enzymes active site, preventing substrate binding |
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Enzyme |
Catalyst for biochemical reactions inside cells |
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Fermentation |
Process that uses endogenus electron acceptors to regenerate NAD+ from NADH such that glycolysis can continue |
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Glycolysis |
First step in the break down of glucose, producing two pyruvates, two NADH molecules, and two (net yield) ATP per starting glucose molecule |
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Holoenzyme |
Enzyme with a bound cofactor or coenzyme |
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Kreb cycle |
Cyclic pathway in which each two- carbon unit entering the cycle if further oxidized, producing three NADH, one FADH2, and one ATP by substrate- level phosphorylation, releasing two CO2; also called the citric cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle |
