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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Clone
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Genetically identical copy of an organism
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Autosome
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Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome
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Centromere
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Constricted region in a eukaryotic chromosome where sister chromatids are attached
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Chromosome
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A structure that consists of DNA and associated proteins; carries part of all of a cells genetic info
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Chromosome Number
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The sum of all chromosomes in a cell of a given type
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Diploid
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Having two of each type of chromosome characteristics of the species (2n)
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Histone
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Type of protein that structurally organizes eukaryotic chromosomes
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Karyotype
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Image of an individual's complement of chromosomes arranged by size, length, shape, and centromere location
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Nucleosome
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A length of DNA wound twice around a spool of histone proteins
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Sex chromosome
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Member of a pair of chromosomes that differs between males and females
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Sex chromosome
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Member of a pair of chromosomes that differs between males and females
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Sister Chromatid
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One of two attached DNA molecules of a duplicated eukaryotic chromosome
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Bacteriophage
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Virus that infects bacteria
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DNA sequence
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Order of the nucleotide bases in a strand of DNA
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Mutation
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Permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
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Reproductive Cloning
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Technology that produces genetically identical individuals
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Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)
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Method of reproductive cloning in which genetic material is transferred from an adult somatic cell into an unfertilized, enucleated egg
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Therapeutic Cloning
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The use of SCNT to produce human embryos for research purposes
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DNA Ligase
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Enzyme that seals gaps in double stranded DNA
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DNA Polymerase
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DNA replication enzyme. Uses a DNA template to assemble a complementary strand of DNA
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DNA Replication
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Process by witch a cell duplicates its DNA before it divides
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Primer
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Short, single strand of DNA that base-Pairs with a targeted DNA sequence.
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Semiconservative Replication
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Describes the process of DNA replication, which produces two copies of DNA molecule: one strand of each copy is new, and the other stand of the original DNA
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Base-paring rules for DNA
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A-T, G-C
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