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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Self-Concept |
"Who I am" Way in which we define ourselves - does NOT include forms of judgement I am an athlete, I am an exerciser
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Self-Esteem |
"How I feel about who I am" The evaluative or affective consequence of one's self-concept - not able to separate from self-concept Extent to which one feels positive or negative about one's self-concept Tops the list of needs that make people happy Seen as primary psychological need |
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Self-Concept Model |
Overall self-concept is a collective construct determined by judgments of self-concept in two primary categories of academic (math and science) and nonacademic (social, emotional, physical) Social - estimate of interaction with peers and significant others Emotional - estimate of emotional states Physical - estimate of physical abilities and appearance Defined by one's behaviour in specific situations Activity must be weighted as important by individual to have strong impact |
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Model of Exercise and Self-Esteem |
Physical Measures (TO) Physical Self-Efficacy (TO) Physical Competence (TO) (Can to to Self-Esteem) Physical Acceptance (TO)Self-Esteem Subjectively, individual feels something has changed - objective changes don't matter entirely (may not have changed at all) Self-esteem can increase or decrease - works both ways Intervention: altering physical interventions/measures in order to alter self-perception and self-esteem |
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Physical Acceptance - Model of Exercise and Self-Esteem |
Extent to which an individual accepts who he/she is physically Effected by interventions Without objective indicators of improved fitness, self-esteem, and physical acceptance can improve, just based on the feeling one has that physical competence has improved Increases in physical acceptance can lead to increases in PA levels |
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Measures of Self-Esteem - Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP) |
Short (30 items) but long application process Results complex and hard to interpret Measures sport competence, physical condition, body attractiveness, physical strength, and physical self-worth |
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Measures of Self-Esteem - Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) |
More comprehensive than PSPP Measures global physical self-concept and self esteem: general health, coordination, PA participation, body fat, sport competence, appearance, strength, flexibility, endurance Single statement items answered from 1-6 Long (70 items) |
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Measuring Self-Esteem |
Self-esteem and self-concept were originally measured as a single score - lead to less reliable data Recent results from PSPP and PSDQ have shown 3/4 of research sudies support a + association b/t exercise and self-concept/esteem - no negative associations fount Length of studies has shown to be important |
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Body Image |
"What I look like" - mental picture we form of our bodies including emotional consequence of body image and "Body Esteem" for feelings in the evaluation (multidimensional) Elicits either pleasing/satisfying or displeasing/dissatisfying feelings |
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Influences of Body Image |
Interpersonal Experiences Psychological Factors Behaviours Physical Characteristics Sociocultural Influences Physical Changes |
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Reality vs. Ideals of Body Image |
Body reality: actual physical characteristics Body ideal: how we think our bodies should look Healthy body image: ideal very close to reality Body image disturbance: ideal very different from reality - different person; often seen as much larger (females); highly critical of small details; highly cultural (sociocultural influences) |
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Visual Measures of Body Image |
In almost all individuals, the realistic version and the selected version are not matching High number of women choose their ideal body weight as a number that would realistically be classified as underweight (BMI under 18.2) |
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Cognitive Measures of Body Image |
Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) - cognitions based on body's appearance, health and physical functioning; scoring from 1-5; doesn't asses men's body image concerns adequatly Drive for Muscularity Scale - assess male body image cognitions about muscularity |
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Physical Exercise's Effect on Body Image |
Improvement in physical fitness/performance - objective change in fitness, appearance and performance (weight change) Increased self-efficacy in exercise Improvements in physical self-concept Works better for adults (rather than youth), overweight/obese (visible results), females, benefits higher with frequent exercise Objective change not required for subjective changes |
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Self-Esteem and Body Image's Effect on Physical Exercise |
Higher self-esteem leads to more PA sessions per week Physical self-concept has impact on PA participation - physical ability component Body dissatisfaction is a major motivator for starting to exercise but not the same factor that keeps individual exercising - must change to intrinsic motivation rather than extrinsic |
