Chapter 8 Of Introducing Psychology

Front 1

consciousness

Back 1

the person's subjective experience of the world and the mind

Front 2

Cartesian theater

Back 2

(after philosopher Rene Descartes) A mental screen or stage on which things appear to be presented for viewing by the mind's eye

Front 3

phenomenology

Back 3

how things seem to the conscious person

Front 4

problem of other minds

Back 4

the fundamental difficulty we have in preceiving the consciousness of others

Front 5

mind/ body problem

Back 5

the issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body

Front 6

cocktail party phenomenon

Back 6

a phenomenon in which people tune in one message even while they filter out others nearby

Front 7

minimal consciousness

Back 7

a low-level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior

Front 8

full consciousness

Back 8

consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state

Front 9

self-consciousness

Back 9

a distinct level of consciousness in which the person's attention is drawn to the self as an object

Front 10

mental control

Back 10

the attempt to change conscious states of mind

Front 11

thought suppression

Back 11

the conscious avoidance of a thought

Front 12

rebound effect of thought suppression

Back 12

the tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression

Front 13

ironic precesses of mental control

Back 13

mental processes that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them

Front 14

dynamic unconscious

Back 14

an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the persons's deepest instincts and desires, and the person's inner struggles to control these forces

Front 15

repression

Back 15

a mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness

Front 16

cognative unconscious

Back 16

the mental processes that give rise to the person's thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person.

Front 17

subliminal perception

Back 17

a thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report preceiving

Front 18

altered states of consciousness

Back 18

forms of experience that depart from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind

Front 19

circadian rhythm

Back 19

a naturally occurring 24-hour cycle

Front 20

REM sleep

Back 20

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity

Front 21

insomnia

Back 21

difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep

Front 22

sleep apnea

Back 22

a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep

Front 23

somnambulism

Back 23

(sleepwalking) Occurs when the person arises and walks around while sleeping

Front 24

narcolepsy

Back 24

a disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities

Front 25

sleep paralysis

Back 25

the experience of waking up unable to move

Front 26

night terrors

Back 26

(or sleep terrors) abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal

Front 27

activation-synthesis model

Back 27

the theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of activations that occur randomly during sleep

Front 28

psychoactive drug

Back 28

a chemical that influences consciousness or behavior by altering the brain's chemical message system

Front 29

drug tolerance

Back 29

the tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect

Front 30

depressants

Back 30

substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system

Front 31

expectancy theory

Back 31

the idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people's expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations

Front 32

alcohol myopia

Back 32

a condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations

Front 33

stimulants

Back 33

substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels

Front 34

hypnosis

Back 34

an altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility and the feeling that one's actions are occurring involuntarily

Front 35

hypnotic analgesia

Back 35

the reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis

Front 36

meditation

Back 36

the practice of intentional contemplation