Chapter 8-Geogrpahy

Front 1

Eon

Back 1

All time

Front 2

Era

Back 2

Before life

Front 3

Period

Back 3

Life evolution

Front 4

Epoch

Back 4

Since last extinction

Front 5

Uniformitarianism

Back 5

Assumes that the same physical processes active in the environment today have been operating throughout geologic time.

Front 6

Catastrophism

Back 6

Theory that the Earth has been affected in the past by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope.

Front 7

Half life geologic dating

Back 7

Radioactive decay and half life

Front 8

Crust

Back 8

Oceanic and continental, earth's outermost shell of crystalline surface rock.

Front 9

Mantle

Back 9

Lower and upper (80% of earth's mass), denser and tightly packed at depth, grading to lesser densities toward and the surface.

Front 10

Core

Back 10

Inner and outer. Inner core is solid iron and nickel, and outer core is molten, metallic iron

Front 11

Lithosphere

Back 11

Includes the crust, the upper mantle (rigid part), and moho

Front 12

Aesthenosphere

Back 12

Upper viscous mantle on which the lithosphere floats. Plastic layer

Front 13

Mohorovičić discontinuity

Back 13

The boundary between the crust and the high velocity portion of the lithosphere upper mantle.

Front 14

Continental crust

Back 14

Granite, lower density, lighter color

Front 15

Oceanic crust

Back 15

Basalt, higher density, and darker color

Front 16

Isostacy

Back 16

Explains certain vertical movements of Earth's crust.

Front 17

Subduction

Back 17

An area where two plates of crust collide and the denser oceanic crust goes beneath the less dense continental plate, forming deep oceanic trenches.

Front 18

Tectonic cycle

Back 18

Rising magma, sea floor spreading, subduction, continental crust formation

Front 19

Rock cylce

Back 19

Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary

Front 20

Igneous rock

Back 20

Form from magma and it solidifies and crystallizes. Lava, granite

Front 21

Sedimentary rock

Back 21

Are derived from existing rocks or from organic materials such as bone and shell. Sandstone, coal, shake, and limestone

Front 22

Metamorphic rock

Back 22

Any rock can be transformed into this by going through profound physical and or chemical changes under pressure and increased temperature. Marble, slate, Quartz, diamond

Front 23

Magma

Back 23

Composed of molten rock and is stored in the Earth's crust.

Front 24

Lava

Back 24

Is magma that reaches the surface of our planet through a volcano vent.

Front 25

Plate tectonics

Back 25

Processes include upwelling of magma, crustal plate movements, earthquakes, volcanic activity, subduction, warping, and faulting of the crust.

Front 26

Pangea

Back 26

A supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic era.

Front 27

Gondwana

Back 27

Part of Pangaea made up the Southern Hemisphere countries.

Front 28

Laurasia

Back 28

Northern part of Pangaea make up most of the northern hemisphere.

Front 29

Divergent

Back 29

Sea floor spreading

Front 30

Convergent

Back 30

Subduction

Front 31

Transform

Back 31

Lateral sliding

Front 32

Ring of fire

Back 32

Area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanoes occur, it's associated with oceanic trenches, volcanic arches, and volcanic belts

Front 33

Hot spot

Back 33

Region deep within the Earth's mantle from which heat rises through the process of convection.