Chapter 8 Digestive System Ii

Front 1

anal

Back 1

pertaining to the anus

Front 2

buccal

Back 2

pertaining to the cheeks

Front 3

buccolabial

Back 3

pertaining to the cheeks and lips

Front 4

cecal

Back 4

pertaining to the cecum

Front 5

cholecystic

Back 5

pertaining to the gallbladder

Front 6

colonic

Back 6

pertaining to the colon

Front 7

colorectal

Back 7

pertaining to the colon and rectum

Front 8

dental

Back 8

pertaining to the teeth

Front 9

duodenal

Back 9

pertaining to the duodenum

Front 10

enteric

Back 10

pertaining to the small intestine

Front 11

esophageal

Back 11

pertaining to the esophagus

Front 12

gastric

Back 12

pertaining to the stomach

Front 13

gastrointestinal (GI)

Back 13

pertaining to the stomach and intestines

Front 14

gingival

Back 14

pertaining to the gums

Front 15

glossal

Back 15

pertaining to the tongue

Front 16

hepatic

Back 16

pertaining to the liver

Front 17

hypoglossal

Back 17

pertaining to the under the tongue

Front 18

ileal

Back 18

pertaining to the ileum

Front 19

ileocecal

Back 19

pertaining to the ileum and cecum

Front 20

jejunal

Back 20

pertaining to the jejunum

Front 21

nasogastric

Back 21

pertaining to the nose and stomach

Front 22

oral

Back 22

pertaining to the mouth

Front 23

pancreatic

Back 23

pertaining to the pancreas

Front 24

periodontal

Back 24

pertaining to around the teeth

Front 25

pharyngeal

Back 25

pertaining to the pharynx

Front 26

pyloric

Back 26

pertaining to the pylorus

Front 27

rectal

Back 27

pertaining to the rectum

Front 28

sigmoidal

Back 28

pertaining to the sigmoid colon

Front 29

sublingual

Back 29

pertaining to under the tongue

Front 30

submandibular

Back 30

pertaining to under the mandible

Front 31

dentistry

Back 31

Branch of healthcare involved with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions involving the teeth, jaw, and mouth. Practitioner is a dentist.

Front 32

gastroenterology

Back 32

Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the digestive system. Physician is a gastroenterologist.

Front 33

oral surgery

Back 33

Branch of dentistry that uses surgical means to treat dental conditions. Specialist is an oral surgeon.

Front 34

orthodontics

Back 34

Branch of dentistry concerned with correction of problems with tooth alignment. Specialist is an orthodontist.

Front 35

periodontics

Back 35

Branch of dentistry concerned with treating conditions involving the gums and tissues surrounding the teeth. Specialist is a periodontist.

Front 36

proctology

Back 36

Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the anus and rectum. Physician is a proctologist.

Front 37

anorexia

Back 37

loss of appetite with other conditions; different from anorexia nervosa

Front 38

aphagia

Back 38

being unable to swallow or eat

Front 39

ascites

Back 39

collection of fluid in peritoneal cavity

Front 40

bradypepsia

Back 40

having a slow digestive system

Front 41

cachexia

Back 41

loss of weight and wasting occurring during chronic disease

Front 42

cholecystalgia

Back 42

gallbladder pain

Front 43

constipation

Back 43

difficult or infrequent defecation

Front 44

dentalgia

Back 44

tooth pain

Front 45

diarrhea

Back 45

frequent, watery bowel movements

Front 46

dysorexia

Back 46

having an abnormal, usually diminished, appetite

Front 47

dyspepsia

Back 47

indigestion; having an upset stomach

Front 48

dysphagia

Back 48

having difficulty swallowing or eating

Front 49

emesis

Back 49

vomiting

Front 50

gastralgia

Back 50

stomach pain

Front 51

hematemesis

Back 51

vomiting blood

Front 52

hematochezia

Back 52

passing bright red blood in stools

Front 53

hyperemesis

Back 53

excessive vomiting

Front 54

jaundice

Back 54

yellow cast to skin; caused by deposit of bile pigment; often caused by liver disease

Front 55

melena

Back 55

passage of dark, tarry stool, due to digested blood

Front 56

nausea

Back 56

urge to vomit

Front 57

obesity

Back 57

weight above healthy levels

Front 58

polyphagia

Back 58

excessive eating

Front 59

postprandial

Back 59

after a meal

Front 60

pyrosis

Back 60

stomach acid splashing into esophagus; heartburn

Front 61

regurgitation

Back 61

backflow of stomach contents into mouth

Front 62

aphthous ulcers

Back 62

ulcers in mouth; commonly called canker sores

Front 63

cleft lip

Back 63

congenital anomaly where upper lip and jaw fail to fuse in the midline, leaving a gap

Front 64

cleft palate

Back 64

congenital anomaly where hard palate fails to fuse in the midline, leaving an opening into nasal cavity

Front 65

dental caries

Back 65

decay of tooth due to bacterial infection; tooth cavity

Front 66

gingivitis

Back 66

inflammation of the gums

Front 67

herpes labialis

Back 67

herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection; fever blisters or cold sores

Front 68

periodontal disease

Back 68

diseases of supporting structures around the teeth; especially the gums; most common cause of tooth loss

Front 69

sialadenitis

Back 69

inflammation of a salivary gland

Front 70

esophageal varices

Back 70

varicose veins in the esophagus; hemorrhaging occurs if rupture

Front 71

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Back 71

acid from stomach flows backward up into esophagus causing inflammation and pain

Front 72

pharyngoplegia

Back 72

paralysis of the throat muscles

Front 73

gastric carcinoma

Back 73

malignant tumor in stomach

Front 74

gastritis

Back 74

inflammation of the stomach

Front 75

gastroenteritis

Back 75

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

Front 76

hiatal hernia

Back 76

protrusion of stomach through diaphragm into thoracic cavity; also called diaphragmatocele

Front 77

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

Back 77

ulcer in lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; caused by high acid of stomach juices; may be a result of Helicobacter pylori infection

Front 78

anal fistula

Back 78

abnormal passageway from surface directly into rectum; around anal opening

Front 79

appendicitis

Back 79

inflammation of the appendix

Front 80

bowel incontinence

Back 80

inability to control defecation

Front 81

colorectal carcinoma

Back 81

malignant tumor in the colon or rectum

Front 82

Crohn's disease

Back 82

chronic inflammatory bowel disease, primarily in ileum and/or colon; results in scarring; also called regional ileitis

Front 83

diverticulitis

Back 83

inflammation of a diverticulum, an outpouching off the colon; results from food being trapped inside

Front 84

diverticulosis

Back 84

condition of having diverticula, may lead to diverticulitis

Front 85

dysentery

Back 85

diarrhea with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, and fever; caused by contaminated food or water

Front 86

enteritis

Back 86

inflammation of the small intestine

Front 87

hemorrhoids

Back 87

varicose veins in the anal region

Front 88

ileus

Back 88

severe abdominal pain, inability to defecate, abdominal distension; caused by intestinal blockage

Front 89

inguinal hernia

Back 89

protrusion of a loop of bowel through abdominal muscle and into groin region; may become incarcerated or strangulated if muscle pinches the loop of bowel

Front 90

intussusception

Back 90

one part of intestine slips or telescopes into another section

Front 91

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Back 91

disturbance in function of intestine for unknown reason; causes abdominal cramping and alternating diarrhea constipation; also called functional bowel syndrome

Front 92

polyposis

Back 92

having polyps, tumor with a stem-like attachment, growing on the mucous membrane of the colon; may be cancerous

Front 93

proctoptosis

Back 93

prolapse or drooping rectum

Front 94

ulcerative colitis

Back 94

chronic inflammatory condition with numerous small ulcers on the lining of the colon; also called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Front 95

volvulus

Back 95

bowel twists upon itself causing an obstruction

Front 96

cholecystitis

Back 96

inflammation of the gallbladder; commonly caused by gallstones

Front 97

cholelithiasis

Back 97

presence of gallstones; may or may not cause symptoms

Front 98

cirrhosis

Back 98

chronic liver disease due to liver failure

Front 99

hepatitis

Back 99

inflammation of the liver; usually due to a viral infection

Front 100

hepatoma

Back 100

tumor in the liver

Front 101

pancreatitis

Back 101

inflammation of the pancreas

Front 102

bite-wing X-ray

Back 102

X-ray of teeth with film holder held in the teeth

Front 103

cholecystogram

Back 103

X-ray record of the gallbladder

Front 104

intravenous cholecystography

Back 104

X-ray of gallbladder and bile ducts after intravenous injection of dye

Front 105

lower gastrointestinal series (lower GI series)

Back 105

X-ray of colon and rectum after barium dye injected via an enema; also called a barium enema (BE)

Front 106

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

Back 106

X-ray of liver and bile duct after dye is injected directly into liver

Front 107

upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series

Back 107

X-ray of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after swallowing barium; also called barium swallow

Front 108

colonoscope

Back 108

instrument used to visually examine the colon

Front 109

colonoscopy

Back 109

process of visually examining the colon

Front 110

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Back 110

visual examine inside hepatic duct, common bile duct, and pancreatic duct

Front 111

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Back 111

using a scope to view inside the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

Front 112

gastroscope

Back 112

instrument used to visually examine the stomach

Front 113

gastroscopy

Back 113

process of visually examining inside of stomach

Front 114

laparoscope

Back 114

instrument used to visually examine inside the abdominal cavity

Front 115

laparoscopy

Back 115

process of visually examining inside of abdominal cavity

Front 116

sigmoidoscope

Back 116

instrument used to visually examine the sigmoid colon

Front 117

sigmoidoscopy

Back 117

process of visually examining inside of sigmoid colon

Front 118

paracentesis

Back 118

insertion of needle into abdominal cavity to withdraw fluid

Front 119

gavage

Back 119

placing liquid nourishment directly into stomach via a nasogastric tube

Front 120

lavage

Back 120

washing out stomach using a nasogastric tube

Front 121

nasogastric intubation (NG tube)

Back 121

flexible catheter inserted into nose and down esophagus into the stomach

Front 122

total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

Back 122

providing 100% of patient nutrition; used when patient is unable to eat

Front 123

anastomosis

Back 123

surgical creation of a connection between two organs; like joining together two sections of colon

Front 124

appendectomy

Back 124

surgical removal of appendix

Front 125

bariatric surgery

Back 125

surgical procedures to treat morbid obesity; like stomach stapling

Front 126

cholecystectomy

Back 126

surgical removal of gallbladder

Front 127

choledocholithotripsy

Back 127

surgical crushing of a gallstone in the common bile duct

Front 128

colectomy

Back 128

surgical removal of the colon

Front 129

colostomy

Back 129

surgical creation of opening into some portion of colon through abdominal wall

Front 130

diverticulectomy

Back 130

surgical removal of diverticula

Front 131

exploratory laparotomy

Back 131

surgical procedure to examine the abdominal organs

Front 132

fistulectomy

Back 132

removal of a fistula

Front 133

gastrectomy

Back 133

surgical removal of the stomach

Front 134

gastric stapling

Back 134

procedure to close off large section of stomach with rows of staples; results in much smaller stomach

Front 135

gastrostomy

Back 135

surgical procedure to create a new opening into the stomach through abdominal wall

Front 136

hemorrhoidectomy

Back 136

surgical removal of hemorrhoids

Front 137

hernioplasty

Back 137

surgical repair of a hernia

Front 138

ileostomy

Back 138

surgical creation of a new opening into the ileum

Front 139

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Back 139

surgical removal of gallbladder through laparoscopic incision

Front 140

laparotomy

Back 140

to cut into the abdominal cavity

Front 141

liver transplant

Back 141

implantation of a donor liver

Front 142

palatoplasty

Back 142

surgical repair of the palate

Front 143

pharyngoplasty

Back 143

surgical repair of the pharynx

Front 144

proctopexy

Back 144

surgical fixation of the rectum and anus

Front 145

ac

Back 145

before meals

Front 146

ALT

Back 146

alanine transaminase

Front 147

AST

Back 147

aspartate transaminase

Front 148

Ba

Back 148

barium

Front 149

BE

Back 149

barium enema

Front 150

BM

Back 150

bowel movement

Front 151

BS

Back 151

bowel sounds

Front 152

CBD

Back 152

common bile duct

Front 153

EGD

Back 153

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Front 154

ERCP

Back 154

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Front 155

FOBT

Back 155

fecal occult blood test

Front 156

GB

Back 156

gallbladder

Front 157

GERD

Back 157

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Front 158

GI

Back 158

gastrointestinal

Front 159

HAV

Back 159

hepatitis A virus

Front 160

HBV

Back 160

hepatitis B virus

Front 161

HCl

Back 161

hydrochloric acid

Front 162

HCV

Back 162

hepatitis C virus

Front 163

HDV

Back 163

hepatitis D virus

Front 164

HEV

Back 164

hepatitis E virus

Front 165

HSV-1

Back 165

herpes simplex virus type 1

Front 166

IBD

Back 166

inflammatory bowel disease

Front 167

IBS

Back 167

irritable bowel syndrome

Front 168

IVC

Back 168

intravenous cholangiography

Front 169

n&v

Back 169

nausea and vomiting

Front 170

NG

Back 170

nasogastric

Front 171

NPO

Back 171

nothing by mouth

Front 172

O&P

Back 172

ova and parasites

Front 173

pc

Back 173

after meals

Front 174

PO

Back 174

by mouth

Front 175

PP

Back 175

postprandial

Front 176

PTC

Back 176

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

Front 177

PUD

Back 177

peptic ulcer disease

Front 178

TPN

Back 178

total parenteral nutrition

Front 179

UGI

Back 179

upper gastrointestinal series