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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is ATP Useful to cells?
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It is important for storing and releasing energy
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What is ATP?
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Adenosine triphosphate. It consists of adenine, 5 carbon sugar (ribose) and 3 phosphate groups.
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What is ADP?
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It is the same as ATP, but with one less phosphate group. When the cell has energy available, it can store small amounts by adding a phosphate group. .
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How is energy released in ATP?
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It is released by breaking and reforming the bonds between its phosphate groups. Basic energy source for all cells.
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How does ATP help with active transport?
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ATP provides energy for sodium-potassium pumps that pump sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, regulating balance on both sides of membrane.
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Why do cells only have a small amount of ATP?
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ATP is great for transferring energy, but not for storing large amounts of energy over the long term. Cells can regenerate ATP from ADP when needed.
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What is a heterotroph?
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Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things like plants.
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What is an autotroph?
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Organism that makes its own food. Use the energy of sunlight to make high energy carbohydrates.
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What is photosynthesis?
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Using light to put something together. In the process of photosynthesis plants convert the energy of sunlight into chemical energy, stored in the bonds of carbohydrates.
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What are pigments?
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Light absorbing chemicals.
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What is Chlorophyll?
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The plant's principal pigment. There are two types: A and B.
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Why do plants look green?
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Chlorophyll does absorb light well in the blue/violet and red region, but not in the green. Plants reflect green light, thus look green.
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What are thylakoids?
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Thylakoids are sac-like photosynthetic membranes inside the chloroplasts. Pigments are located in the thylakoid membranes.
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What are stroma?
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The fluid portion of the chloroplasts outside of the thylakoids.
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Why is chlorophyll important?
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Because it absorbs light and light and anything that absorbs light absorbs energy.
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What is an electron carrier?
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Electron carrier is a compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them along with most of their energy to another molecule.
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What is NADP?
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A compound that carries electrons. It accepts and holds 2 high energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion.
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What is NADP converted into?
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NADP is converted into NADPH when it accpets and holds 2 high energy electrons and the hydrogen ion. Through this process, sunlight can be trapped in chemical form.
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Reactants of photosynthesis?
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The reactants are water and carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis uses the energy of the sun with water and carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates and oxygen.
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Light Dependent Reactions?
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They require the direct involvement of light and light absorbing pigments. Use energy from sunlight to produce ATP.
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