Chapter 8 ,9, 10

Front 1

conformity

Back 1

a change in ones behavior due to the real or imagined influence of other people

Front 2

Informational social influence

Back 2

relying on other people as a source of information to guide your behavior

Front 3

Private acceptance

Back 3

Conforming to other peoples behavior out of a genuine belief that what they are doing or saying is right

Front 4

public compliance

Back 4

conforming to other peoples behavior publicly without necessarily believing in what the other people are doing or saying

Front 5

social norms

Back 5

the implicit or explicit rules a group has for the acceptable behaviors values and beliefs of its members

Front 6

normative social influence

Back 6

going along with what other people do in order to be liked and accepted by them. we publicly conform with the groups beliefs and behaviors but do not always privately accept them

Front 7

social impact theory

Back 7

the idea that conforming to social influence depends on the groups importance immediacy and the number of people in the group

Front 8

idiosyncrasy credits

Back 8

the tolerance a person earns over time by conforming to group norms if enough credits are earned the person can on occasion deviate from the group without retribution

Front 9

minority influence

Back 9

the case where a minority of group members influences the behavior or the beliefs of the majority

Front 10

injunctive norms

Back 10

peoples perceptions of what behaviors are approved or disapproved by others

Front 11

descriptive norms

Back 11

peoples perceptions of how people actually behave in given situations regardless of whether the behavior is approved or disapproved of by others

Front 12

foot in the door technique

Back 12

social influence strategy in which getting people to agree first to a small request makes them more likely to agree later to a second larger request

Front 13

door in the face technique

Back 13

social influence strategy in which first asking people for a large request that they will probably refuse makes them more likely to agree later to a second smaller request

Front 14

propaganda

Back 14

a deliberate systematic attempt to advance a cause by manipulating mass attitudes and behaviors often through misleading or emotionally charged information

Front 15

social contagion

Back 15

rapid spread of emotions or behaviors through a crowd (ex doing the wave at a baseball game)

Front 16

why do we conform

Back 16

because they don't want to be punished or because they use others around them as a cue of how to respond or they choose to react the way the group expects so they aren't thought less of

Front 17

when do we conform

Back 17

during confusing or unusual situations

Front 18

social impact theory predicts that conformity will increase when....

Back 18

as strength and immediacy increase

Front 19

boomerang effect

Back 19

must be careful that descriptive norms do not create a boomerang effect making an undesirable behavior more likely then it previously was

Front 20

group

Back 20

two or more people who interact and are independent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to influence each other

Front 21

why do we join groups

Back 21

survival,need to belong, need to be distinctive(my group is specie), identity helps us define who we are and our place in the world

Front 22

social roles

Back 22

shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave

Front 23

group cohesiveness

Back 23

qualities of a group that bind members together and promote liking between them

Front 24

social facilitation

Back 24

when people are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated the tendency to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks

Front 25

social loafing

Back 25

when people are in the presence of others and their individual performance cannot be evaluated the tendency to perform worse on simple or unimportant tasks but better on complex or important tasks

Front 26

deindividuation

Back 26

the loosening of normal constraints on behavior when people can't be identified such as when they are in a crowd

Front 27

process loss

Back 27

any aspect of a group interaction that inhibits good problem solving

Front 28

transactive memory

Back 28

the combined memory of a group that is more efficient than the memory of the individual members

Front 29

group think

Back 29

a kind of decision process in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is more important than considering the facts in a realistic manner

Front 30

group polarization

Back 30

the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of their members

Front 31

great person theory

Back 31

the idea that certain key personality traits make a person a good leader regardless of the situation

Front 32

transactional leaders

Back 32

leaders who set clear, short term goals and reward people who meet them

Front 33

transformational leaders

Back 33

leaders who inspire followers to focus on common long term goals

Front 34

contingency theory of leadership

Back 34

the idea that the effectiveness of a leader depends both on how task oriented or relationship oriented the leader is and on the amount of control the has over the group

Front 35

task oriented leaders

Back 35

leaders who are concerned more with getting the job done than with workers feelings and relationships

Front 36

relationship oriented leaders

Back 36

leaders who are concerned more with workers feelings and relationships

Front 37

social delimma

Back 37

a conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual will if chosen by most people have harmful effects on everyone

Front 38

tit for tat strategy

Back 38

a means of encouraging cooperation by at first acting cooperatively but then always responding the way your opponent did

Front 39

integrative solution

Back 39

a solution to a conflict whereby the parties make trade offs on issues with each side conceding the most on issues that are unimportant to it but important to the other side

Front 40

propinquity effect

Back 40

the finding that the more we see and interact with people the more likely they are to become our friends

Front 41

mere exposure effect

Back 41

the finding that the more exposure we have to a stimulus the more apt we are to like it

Front 42

halo effect

Back 42

a cognitive bias by which we tend to assume that an individual with one positive characteristic also possesses other positive characteristics

Front 43

evolutionary psychology

Back 43

the attempt to explain social behavior in terms of genetic factors that have evolved over times according to the principles of natural selection

Front 44

compassionate love

Back 44

the feelings of intimacy and affection we have for someone that are not accompanied by passion or physiological arousal

Front 45

passionate love

Back 45

an intense longing we feel for a person accompanied by physiological arousal

Front 46

attachment styles

Back 46

the expectations people develop about relationships with others based on the relationship they had with their primary caregiver when they were infants

Front 47

secure attachment style

Back 47

an attachment style characterized by trust, a lack of concern with being abandoned and the view that one is worthy and well liked

Front 48

avoid ant attachment style

Back 48

an attachment style characterized by difficulty developing intimate relationships because previous attempts to be intimate have been rebuffed

Front 49

Anxious/ ambivalent attachment style

Back 49

an attachment style characterized by a concern that others will not reciprocate ones desire for intimacy resulting in higher than average levels of anxiety

Front 50

social exchange theory

Back 50

the idea that peoples feelings about a relationship depend on their perceptions of its rewards and costs the kind of relationship they deserve and their chances for having a better relationship with someone else

Front 51

comparison level

Back 51

peoples expectations about the level of rewards and costs they are likely to receive in a particular relationship

Front 52

comparison level for alternatives

Back 52

peoples expectations about the level of rewards and costs they would receive in an alternative relationship

Front 53

investment model

Back 53

the theory that peoples commitment to a relationship depends not only on their satisfaction with the relationship but also on how much they have invested in the relationship that would be lost by ending it

Front 54

equity theory

Back 54

the idea that people are happiest with relationships in which the rewards and costs experienced by both parties are roughly equal

Front 55

exchange relationships

Back 55

relationships governed by the need for equity,, for an equal ratio of rewards and costs.

Front 56

communal relationships

Back 56

relationships in which peoples primary concern is being responsive to the other persons needs