Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the appendicular skeleton?
|
Allows us to move and manipulate objects Includes all bones besides axial skeleton -Limbs & supportive girdle |
|
|
What is the pectoral girdle?
|
Connects arms to the body Positions the shoulders Provides a base for arm movements Consists of two clavicles and two scapulae Connects with the axial skeleton only at the manubrium |
|
|
What are the clavicles? |
Long, S-shaped bones Originate at the manubrium (sternal end) Articulate with the scapulae (acromial end) |
|
|
What are the scapulae? |
Board, flat triangles Articulate with arm and collarbone Anterior surface depression is subscapular fossa |
|
|
What are the three sides of the body of the scapulae? |
1. Superior Border 2. Medial Border (vertebral border) 3. Lateral Border (axillary border) |
|
|
What are the three corners of the body?
|
2. Inferior angle 3. Lateral angle (head) |
|
|
What is the scapular head? |
Articulates with humerus to form shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) |
|
|
What are the two processes of the glenoid cavity?
|
-Anterior, smaller Acromion -Posterior, larger -Articulates with clavicle -At the acromioclavicular joint |
|
|
What are the posterior features of the scapula?
|
- Ridge across posterior surface of the body Separates two regions 1. Supraspinous fossa 2. Infraspinous fossa |
|
|
What do the upper limbs consists of?
|
(Note: Arm (brachium) = 1 bone, the humerus) |
|
|
Characteristics of the humerus
|
The long, upper arm bone Articulates with the pelvic girdle Tubercles of the proximal epiphysis Separated by the intertubercular groove |
|
|
What are the tubercles of the humerus?
|
Greater tubercle -Lateral, forms tip of the shoulder Lesser tubercle -Anterior, medial |
|
|
Characteristics of the head of the humerus
|
Contained within joint capsule |
|
|
What are the necks of the humerus?
|
-Margin of joint capsule Surgical neck -The narrow metaphysis |
|
|
What are the two parts of the shaft of the humerus? |
-A bulge in the shaft -Attaches to deltoid muscle Radial groove -For radial nerve -Posterior to deltoid tuberosity |
|
|
What are the parts of the distal epiphysis in the humerus?
|
Medial and lateral epicondyles -For muscle attachment Condyle of the humerus -Articulates with ulna and radius |
|
|
What are the articular regions of the condyle of the humerus?
|
-Coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa -Articulates with ulna Capitulum -Radial fossa -Articulates with radius |
|
|
What is the antebrachium?
|
Also called the forearm Consists of two long bone -Ulna (medial) -Radius (lateral) |
|
|
What are the two ends of the ulna?
|
-Superior end of ulna -Point of elbow -Superior lip of trochlear notch -Articulates with trochlea of humerus The coronoid process -Inferior lip of trochlear notch |
|
|
What are the articulations of the ulna with the humerus when extended and flexed?
|
-Olecranon enters olecranon fossa Forearms flexed -Coronoid process enters coronoid fossa |
|
|
What are the articulations of the ulna not connecting to the humerus?
|
-Articulates with head of the radius -Forms proximal radioulnar joint Ulnar head -Prominent styloid process -Attaches to articular disc between forearm and wrist |
|
|
What is the interosseous membrane?
|
A fibrous sheet in the ulna connecting lateral margin of ulnar shaft to radius
|
|
|
Characteristics of the radius?
|
Radial tuberosity below the neck attaches biceps |
|
|
What are the articulations of the radius?
|
-Distal end Articulates with wrist and ulna Styloid process -Stabilizes wrist joint |
|
|
How many carpal bones are there and what is their function?
|
-Four proximal carpal bones -Four distal carpal bones Allows wrist to bend and twist |
|
|
What are the four proximal carpal bones? |
-Near styloid process Lunate -Medial to scaphoid Triquetrum -Medial to lunate Pisiform -Anterior to triquetrum |
|
|
What are the four distal carpal bones?
|
-Lateral Trapezoid -Medial to trapezium Capitate -Largest Hamate -Medial, distal |
|
|
What are the metacarpal bones?
|
Numbered I-V from lateral (thumb) to medial Articulate with proximal phalanges |
|
|
What are the phalanges of the hand?
|
-Pollex (thumb): two phalanges (proximal, distal) -Fingers: Three phalanges (proximal, middle, distal) |
|
|
What are the characteristics of the pelvic girdle?
|
Strong to bear body weight, stress of movement Part of the pelvis |
|
|
What are the three fused coxal bones?
|
1. Ilium (articulates with sacrum) 2. Ischium 3. Pubis |
|
|
What is the acetabulum?
|
Also called the hip socket Is the meeting point of the ilium, ischium, and pubis Is on the lateral surface of the hip bone (coxal bone) Articulates with head of the femur (lunate surface) |
|
|
What is the acetabular notch?
|
A gap in the ridge of the margins of the acetabulum |
|
|
What are the marks of the ilium?
|
-For sciatic nerve Iliac crest -Upper brim Iliac fossa -Depression between iliac crest and arcuate line |
|
|
What are the marks of the ischium?
|
-A lesser sciatic notch Ischial ramus -Meets inferior ramus of pubis Superior ramus -Meets pubic tubercle |
|
|
What are the marks of the pubis? |
-Gap between pubic tubercles Obturator foramen -Formed by ischial and pubic rami -Attaches hip muscles Pectineal line -Ridge of superior ramus of pubis -Continues to iliac crest line (both of the ilia) |
|
|
What are the articulations of the pelvic girdle?
|
-Articulation of posterior auricular surface of ilium -With sacrum -Stabilized by ligaments of iliac tuberosity |
|
|
What is the pelvis?
|
Stabilized by ligaments of pelvic girdle, sacrum, and lumbar vertebrae |
|
|
What is the true pelvis? |
-Pelvic brim: Upper edge of true pelvis, encloses pelvic inlet -Perineum region: Inferior edges of true pelvis, forms pelvic outlet, perineal muscles support organs of pelvic cavity |
|
|
What is the false pelvis?
|
Blades of ilium above arcuate line |
|
|
How is the female pelvis different from the male pelvis? |
Less prominent muscles and ligament attachments Pelvis modifications for childbearing: enlarged pelvic outlet, broad pubic angle (>100*), less curvature of sacrum and coccyx, wide, circular pelvic inlet, ilia projects laterally instead of upward, and broad, low pelvis |
|
|
What are the functions of the lower limbs?
|
Motion Note: leg = lower leg; thigh = upper leg |
|
|
What are the bones of the lower limbs? |
Patella (Kneecap) Tibia and fibula (Leg) Tarsals (Ankle) Metatarsals (Foot) Phalanges (Toes) |
|
|
What are the characteristics of the femoral head?
|
Part of the proximal epiphyses Articulates with pelvis at acetabulum Attaches at fovea capitis |
|
|
What are the characteristics of the neck of the femur?
|
Joins shaft at angle |
|
|
What are the trochanters of the femur?
|
Both part of the proximal epiphysis Greater and lesser trochanters Tendon attachments -Intertrochanteric line (anterior) and Intertrochanteric crest (posterior) mark edges of articular capsule |
|
|
What is the "proximal epiphysis" of a long bone? |
Enlarged terminal (end) part of the bone, nearest the center of the body (proximal), made of spongy tissue and articulating with neighboring bones.
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of the shaft of the femur?
|
-Most prominent ridge of shaft -Attaches to hip muscle -Joins epicondyles |
|
|
What is located at the lower epiphysis of the femur?
|
-Above the knee joint Medial and lateral condyle -Separated by intercondylar fossa and patellar surface -Form part of knee joint |
|
|
What is the patella?
|
A sesamoid bone Formed with tendon of quadriceps femoris Base attaches quadriceps femoris Apex attaches patellar ligament |
|
|
What is the tibia?
|
Supports body weight Larger than fibula Medial to fibula |
|
|
The proximal epiphysis of the tibia has what condyles and tuberosities?
|
Medial and lateral condyles -Separated by intercondylar eminence -Articulate with medial and lateral condyles of femur Tibial tuberosity -Attaches patellar ligament |
|
|
What is at the shaft of the tibia?
|
-Sharp ridge of shinbone |
|
|
What is at the distal epiphysis of the tibia? |
-Medial projection at the ankle |
|
|
What is the fibula? |
Smaller than tibia Lateral to tibia |
|
|
What are the articulations of the fibula with the tibia? |
Head Inferior tibiofibular joint -Interosseous membrane **Binds fibula to tibia |
|
|
What is the lateral malleolus of the fibula?
|
Lateral projection of ankle |
|
|
What is the ankle?
|
-Consists of seven tarsal bones |
|
|
What are the seven bones of the ankle?
|
-Carries weight from tibia across trochlea Calcaneus (Heel bone) Transfers weight from talus to ground -Attaches calcaneal (Achilles) tendon Cuboid -Articulates with calcaneus Navicular -Articulates with talus and three cuneiform bones Medial, Intermediate, & Lateral cuneiform |
|
|
What are the metatarsal bones of the foot?
|
Numbered I-V, medial to lateral Articulate with toes |
|
|
What are the phalanges of the foot?
|
-14 bones of the toes Hallux -Big or great toe, two phalanges (distal, proximal) Other four toes -Three phalanges (distal, medial, proximal) |
|
|
What are the arches of the foot? |
Longitudinal arch -Calcaneal portion (lateral) -Talar portion (medial) Transverse arch Formed by difference in curvature between medial and lateral borders on the foot |
|
|
What does studying the skeleton do for us? *Other than give us existential crises and make us reconsider why we ever went into nursing in the first place* |
Reveals characteristics -Muscle strength and mass (bone ridges, bone mass) -Medical history (condition of teeth, healed fractures) -Sex and age (bone measurements and fusion) -Body size |
