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61 Cards in this Set

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Energy with light is captured and used to synthesize carbohydrates

Photosynthesis

During ___________, Energy from light drives the endergonic reaction while CO2 is __________ and H2O is _____________.

Photosynthesis; Reduced; oxidized

Photosynthesis powers the

Biosphere

Regions on the surface of Earth and atmosphere where living organisms exist

Biosphere

Power

The biosphere is largely driven by the _______________ of green plants.

Photosynthetic power

Cycle

Cells use organic molecules for energy and plants replenish those molecules using photosynthesis during the _____________

Energy cycle

Levels

Heterotroph, Autotroph and photoautotroph are all _____________

Trophic levels

Must eat food ( organic molecules from their environment) to sustain life

Heterotroph

Uses light as a source of energy; green plants, algae, Cyanobacteria

Photoautotroph

Makes organic molecules from inorganic sources

Autotroph

The green pigment in plant cells is

Chlorophyll

The majority of photosynthesis occurs internally in leaves in the

Mesophyll

Carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits lead pores called

Stomata

In the chloroplast, the ________ and _________ membrane are separated by _____________ space

Inner, outer; intermembrane space

In chloroplasts there is a third membrane called the _______________, which contains pigment molecules

Thylakoid membrane

The Thylakoid membrane is responsible for what two traits

The membrane forms thylakoids and encloses Thylakoid lumen

A stack of thylakoids is

Granum

The fluid filled region between the Thylakoid membrane and inner membrane is the

Stroma

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

Light reactions and the Calvin cycle

_____________- reactions take place in the Thylakoid membrane and produce ATP, NADPH and O2

Light

____________ occur in the Stroma and is a reaction that harnesses light energy.

The Calvin cycle

The Calvin cycle uses ________ and ________ to incorporate CO2 into carbohydrate

ATP; NADPH

Radiation

Light is a type of

Electromagnetic radiation

Light travels as

Waves

Light also behaves as particles called _______

Photons

What type of wavelength has more energy?

Shorter

Leaves are green because they, _________________

Absorb red and violet and reflect green wavelengths

Photosynthetic pigments, ___________some light energy and _________others

Absorb; reflect

Absorption of light energy boosts __________ to higher energy levels.

Electrons

Wavelength of light that a pigment absorbs depends on the ____________________ needed to boost the electron to a higher orbital.

Amount of energy

An excited state of an electron refers to the time after

It absorbs energy and is usually unstable

Once an electron is in an excited state it releases,

Heat or light

Excited electrons can be ________________ to another molecule or ______________

Transferred; captured

Spectrum

When wavelengths are absorbed by different pigments it is know as what

Absorption spectrum

Spectrum

When the rate of photosynthesis is by the whole plant at specific wavelengths it is know as

Action spectrum

Molecules

During photosystems I and II, captured light energy can be ______________ to other molecules to produce__________________ for cellular work.

Transferred; energy intermediate molecules

Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts contain two distinct complexes of molecules called,

Photosystem I and photosystem II

________________ system was discovered first however, ______________ is the first step in photosynthesis

Photosystem I; Photosystem II

________________ oxidizes water, generating O2 and H. It also releases energy to the ETC.

Photosystem II

The primary role of Photosystem I is to make

NADPH

The addition on H+ to NADP + depletes H + from the ____________ during photosynthesis ___

Stroma; I

During photosynthesis, ATP synthesis occurs in the

Chloroplasts

ATP synthesis in photosynthesis is achieved by a chemiosmatic mechanism called

Photophosphorylation

Photophosphorylation is driven by the flow of, _________from ____________ to _____________

H+; Thylakoid lumen into Stroma via ATP synthase

The H+ gradient is generated in three ways; H+ is __________in the Thylakoid lumen by ____________, H+ is ___________ by the ETC by __________H+ into lumen, H+ is ___________ in Stroma from formation of _______

Increased, splitting of water; increased by pumping; decreased, NADPH

What three chemical products are produced by photosynthesis,

Oxygen O2, NADPH, ATP

Oxygen is produced in, ______________ by oxidation of H2O by PSII. Two electron are transferred to_______ + molecules

Thylakoid lumen; P680

NADPH is produced in the, ___________ from high energy electrons that start in PSII and are boosted to PSI.

Stroma

Equation for NADPH reaction is

(NADP+) + 2 electrons + (H+)------->> NADPH

ATP is produced in the ________ by ATP synthase using the __________________

H+ electrochemical gradient

During photosystem II, how much light enters? And how much during Photosystem I?

P68O; P700

Where is the H+ gradient higher and lower during photosynthesis?

Higher inside; lower outside

During __________________ electrons begin at PSII and eventually transfer to NADPH, a __________________process

Non-cyclic Photophosphorylation; linear

Non cyclic Photophosphorylation produces both ____________and ________________ in equal amounts.

ATP and NADPH

Cyclic Photophosphorylation ( cyclic electron flow) produces, ___________. PSI electrons are excited, release energy and eventually, __________________.

Only ATP; return to PSI

____________________ releases energy to transport H+ into lumen driving ATP synthase

Energy recycling

In Photosystem II has two main components which are;

A Light harvesting complex and a Reaction Center

_________________ directly absorbs photons while energy is transferred via resonance energy transfer.

Light harvesting complex

In the, _________________ water is oxidized to replace the electron P680+, producing __________________ in the process.

Reaction center; oxygen gas

_______________________ is when two photosystems allow more photosynthesis.

The enhancement effect

Photosynthesis involves __________________ and __________________ in energy of _______________ as it moves from PSII through PSI to NADPH.

Increases and decreases; and electron