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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Cell cycle |
Events that takes place as a cell grows and divides. |
Basic process of plant growth. |
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Mitosis |
A type of cell division that cause two cells that have the same amount of chromosomes to split. |
Evening out of the amount of chromosomes through splitting up. |
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Interphase |
The resting phase between the first and second division of meiosis. |
Consist of stages. |
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G1/G0 |
The first of the four phases that takes place in eukaryotic cells. |
First beginning phases. Gaps |
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S |
Phase during which chromosomes are replicated. |
"Synthesis" Occurs between G1 and G2. |
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G2 |
The second growth period of a cell. |
"Pre-mitotic phase" Third growth phase. |
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M |
The phase in which the cell nucleus divides. |
Mother cells into two daughter cells. "Identical twins" |
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Restriction point |
A G1 phase checkpoint in the cycle cell of an animal. |
Cell becomes "committed" to cycle. |
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Cytokinis |
The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis. |
Involved in primary plant growth. Involved in plant differentiation. |
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Daughter cell |
Either of the two cells formed when it undergoes mitosis. |
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Nucleotide base pairing |
Pairs of nucleotides connecting to DNA or RNA. |
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Hydrogen bond |
When single hydrogen atoms bond together. |
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Anti parallel |
Being parallel but moving in opposite directions. |
Orientation Of adjacent molecules. -----------------------> <---------------------- |
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DNA polymerase |
A enzymes responsible for forming new copies of DNA. |
Building blocks of DNA. Work in pairs. |
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semiconservative replication |
The normal phase of DNA synthesis. |
DNA replication in known cells. Semi or dispersive. |
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Histone |
Any group of proteins found in chromatin . |
Alkaline proteins. Found in nuclei. |
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Chromosome |
Thread like material of nuclei cards found in the nucleus. |
Package of DNA. Wrapped around nucleosomes. |
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Chromatin |
Complex Of macromolecules that are Composed in chromosomes. |
Function is to package DNA. To prevent damage to DNA. |
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Mutation |
Change in the formation of an organism cell's DNA. |
Result from damaged DNA. Cause abnormal biological processes. |
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Mutagen |
These cause mutation. |
Can cause cancer. Cause changes to DNA. |
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Excision repair |
This fixes incorrect nucleotides. |
DNA renovation. |
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Leading strand/ lagging strand |
the DNA strand at the opposite side of the replication from the lagging strand in DNA replication. It goes from a 5' to 3' direction
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Strands that are synthesized continuously. |
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Sister chromatids |
Two identical replicated chromosomes. |
One half of chromosome. |
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Centromere |
the part on a chromosome that is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division.
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Links the sisters. |
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Aneuploid |
the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.
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45 or 47 chromosomes but 46 is expected in humans. |
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Prophase |
The first stage of cellular division. |
Nucleolus disappears. |
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Metaphase |
Third stage of mitosis. |
Chromosomes line up along this plate. |
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Anaphase |
the stage mitotic cell division When the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles.
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Chromatids move to opposite ends of cells. |
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Telophase |
The last stage of cellular division. |
Nuclear membrane reforms. |
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Centrioles |
A small set of Microtubules arranged in a specific way. |
Composed of protein. Mainly tubulin. |
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Spindle |
These form a protein structure that divides genetic material of a cell. |
The "axle" |
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Spindle poles |
Organises Microtubules cytoskeleton. |
Does not contain centrioles. The organizing center. |
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Kinetochore |
The point on a chromosome attached to a spindle fiber during cell division. |
Protein structure if chromatids. |
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Cyclins |
Number of proteeins that fluctuate in concentration during cell cycle. |
Family of proteins that control cell progression. "Regulators" |
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Kinases |
an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a specified molecule.
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Catayzes process for phosphorylation. |
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Cell-cycle arrest |
This is the halt of the cell cycle. |
Cell are "incarcerated" Cells stop. |
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Cancer |
A disease caused by growth or tumor resulting from the division of abnormal cells. |
Examples. This disease may effect Breast, colon,lung,brain, stomach or skin. |
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Checkpoints |
Control mechanisms in eukaryotic cells which ensure proper cell division. |
Patrol mechanisms over the cells. Cell police. |
