Chapter 8

Front 1

Environmental factors that controls bacterial growth?

Back 1

pH
Temp
Water concentration (osmotic pressure)
Oxygen concentration
pressure
electromagnetic radiation
ionizing radiation

Front 2

bacteria are adapted to grow within a range of hydrogen ion concentration(pH)
Acidophile range

Back 2

1-3.5 pH

Front 3

bacteria are adapted to grow within a range of hydrogen ion concentration(pH)
Neutrophile range

Back 3

4-9 pH

Front 4

bacteria are adapted to grow within a range of hydrogen ion concentration(pH)
alkalophile range

Back 4

8-12 pH

Front 5

Most bacterias grow at the optimum growth temp which is?
37 degrees celcius

Back 5

Neutrophile

Front 6

what is the range for minimum growth temperature?

Back 6

0-10 degrees Celsius

Front 7

what is the range for optimum growth temperature?

Back 7

30-45 degrees Celsius

Front 8

what is the range for maximum growth temperature?

Back 8

50 degrees Celsius

Front 9

Bacteria are adapted to grow in a range of oxygen concentrations.
Aerobe?

Back 9

prefers hi O2 environment

Front 10

Bacteria are adapted to grow in a range of oxygen concentrations.
Anaerobe?

Back 10

prefers no O2 environment

Front 11

Bacteria are adapted to grow in a range of oxygen concentrations.
Facultative anaerobe?

Back 11

doesn't care O2 environment

Front 12

Bacteria are adapted to grow in a range of oxygen concentrations.
Micro-aerobe?

Back 12

prefers less O2 environment

Front 13

Humans are filled with all of these

Back 13

micro-aerophile
Facultative anaerobe
Anaerobe
Aerobe

Front 14

is oxygen toxic to all cells?

Back 14

Yes

Front 15

Why is is oxygen toxic to all cells?

Back 15

Because it produces superoxide and hydroxyl radical which damage proteins and nucleic acids in the cell

Front 16

H2O2 makes the OH radical to kill wound.

Back 16

true

Front 17

How do cells protect themselves from the toxicity of oxygen? superoxide dismutase

Back 17

Superoxide dismutase enzyme makes O2 not toxic because it gets raid of the free radicals

Front 18

How do cells protect themselves from the toxicity of oxygen? catalase

Back 18

two peroxide combine to make water and O2, therefore no OH radical

Front 19

How do cells protect themselves from the toxicity of oxygen? peroxidase

Back 19

makes water and NAD+ . works with peroxide.

Front 20

which organisms have catalase, peroxidase or superoxide dismutase to protect themselves from the toxicity of O2? Obligate anaerobe

Back 20

Obligate anaerobe has none

Front 21

which organisms have catalase, peroxidase or superoxide dismutase to protect themselves from the toxicity of O2? Aerotolerant anaerobe

Back 21

has peroxidase and superoxide dismutase

Front 22

which organisms have catalase, peroxidase or superoxide dismutase to protect themselves from the toxicity of O2? aerobe (facultative and obligate)

Back 22

has all

Front 23

How do cells protect themselves from the toxicity of oxygen? peroxidase

Back 23

makes water and NAD+ . works with peroxide.

Front 24

which organisms have catalase, peroxidase or superoxide dismutase to protect themselves from the toxicity of O2? Obligate anaerobe

Back 24

Obligate anaerobe has none

Front 25

which organisms have catalase, peroxidase or superoxide dismutase to protect themselves from the toxicity of O2? Aerotolerant anaerobe

Back 25

has peroxidase and superoxide dismutase

Front 26

which organisms have catalase, peroxidase or superoxide dismutase to protect themselves from the toxicity of O2? aerobe (facultative and obligate)

Back 26

has all

Front 27

How do cells protect themselves from the toxicity of oxygen? peroxidase

Back 27

makes water and NAD+ . works with peroxide.

Front 28

which organisms have catalase, peroxidase or superoxide dismutase to protect themselves from the toxicity of O2? Obligate anaerobe

Back 28

Obligate anaerobe has none

Front 29

which organisms have catalase, peroxidase or superoxide dismutase to protect themselves from the toxicity of O2? Aerotolerant anaerobe

Back 29

has peroxidase and superoxide dismutase

Front 30

which organisms have catalase, peroxidase or superoxide dismutase to protect themselves from the toxicity of O2? aerobe (facultative and obligate)

Back 30

has all

Front 31

How does light damage cells? visible light 400-800

Back 31

Photosensitizers absorb light that creates oxygen singlet which is toxic to cells

Front 32

How does light damage cells? UV light 100-400

Back 32

damages DNA and causes thymine dimers

Front 33

Bacteria are grouped by the range in which they grow.
psychrophiles

Back 33

bacteria inthe antarctic: grow -9C to 9C
membranes have more unsaturated fatty acids to keep the plasma membrane fluid at low temp

Front 34

Bacteria are grouped by the range in which they grow.
thermophiles

Back 34

50-70C
membranes have more saturated fatty acids to keep the membrane at high temps

Front 35

Halophiles grow well in what?

Back 35

high salt
salt is used as a food preservative because most bacteria are not halophiles.

Front 36

Osmotic pressure
osmotolerant-

Back 36

grow in media with solutes

Front 37

Osmotic pressure
osmophilic

Back 37

prefer to grow in medium with solutes. kind of solute doesn't matter.

Front 38

Bacteria grow at hi pressures

Back 38

Hydrostatic pressure= trenches
barotolerant= grow at hi pressures