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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central nervous system |
receives input from sensory neurons and directs motor neurons that innervate muscles and glands |
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Association neuron |
integrate sensory info direct appropriate response to maintain homeostasis and respond to environment |
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Gray matter |
unmyelinated dendrites axon terminals |
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white matter |
myelinated contains few cell bodies |
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Parts of the brain |
cerebrum diencephalon midbrain hindbrain |
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Brain |
gray matter forms cortex adult brain has 100 billion neurons receives 15% of total blood flow to body |
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Choriod Plexuses |
Simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium project into roofs of ventricles secrete cerebrospinal fluid into ventricles |
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
made from blood and returned to blood |
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Cerebrum |
Largest portion of bran = 80% Higher mental functions right and left hemisphere connected by corpus callosum works with basal nuclei and motor cortex to coordinate movement |
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Cerebral cortex |
composed of 2-4mm gray matter with underlying white matter divided by 5 lobes; frontal, parietal, temporal. occipital, and insula |
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gyri |
raised folds |
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sucli |
depressed grooves |
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convolutions |
gyri and sulci together |
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Frontal lobe |
precentral gyrus responsible for motor control upper motor neurons |
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parietal lobe |
postcentral gyrus somatesthetic sensation smatosensory cortex |
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temporal lobe |
auditory centers |
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Insula |
encoding memory and integration of sensory info with visceral responses |
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right hemisphere |
recognizing faces composing music visuospatial tasks |
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left hemisphere |
language speech writting calculations |
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precentral gyrus |
controls movement on contralateral side of the body |
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lymbric system |
responsible for emotional drive anger, fear, hunger, sex drive, goal directed behaviors hypothalamus and thalamus are part of this system |
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Diencephalon |
part of forebrain epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, part of the pituitary gland, and third ventricle surronded by cerebral hemisphere |
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Hypothalamus |
maintains homeostasis reulates autonomic system |
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posterior pituitary gland |
ADH and oxytocin transported and stored when needed |
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anterior pituitary |
hypothalamus releases hormones and inihibiting hormones that regulate secretion of pituitary hormones |
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Hindbrain |
composed of metencephalon (pons and cerebellum) and myelencephalon ( medulla oblongata) |
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Pons |
house sensory and motor tracts heading to/from spinal cord and respiratory center |
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Myelencephalon |
medulla oblongata ascendin and descending tracts between brain and spinal cord contains nuclei required from regulation of breathing and cardiovascular response= vital centers |
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Spinal cord |
White matter surrounding gray matter |
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dorsal root |
carries sensory info into CNS (Afferent) |
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ventral root |
carries motor info to muscles and glands (efferent) |
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Ascending tracts |
convey sensory info from receptors in skin, muscle, organs and joints |
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Decscending tracts |
2 major groups corticospinal/pyramidal: descend directly w/o synaptic interruption from cerebral cortex to spinal cord extrapyramidal: originate in brain stem, controlled by motor circuits of corpus striatum, thalamus |
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Cranial nerve |
PNS from nucleu in the brain 12 pairs most are mixed nerves with sensory and motor neurons associated with vision, olfaction, and hearing; have their cell bodies in ganglia located near sensory organ |
