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43 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Recombinant DNA |
DNA formed through laboratory methods |
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How do you look for a gene that has been expressed |
1 make mRNA from gene of interest 2 make cDNA from that mRNA with reverse transcriptase and a florescent tag 3. If the gene is expressed from the cDNA will Florence and I know the gene has been expressed |
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What is the recombinant vector process |
1. use a mapped out plasmid DNA 2. Know where the restriction enzyme sites are and the promoter sites 3. insert a gene 4. And the protein of interest are produced |
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Describe the use of a PCR or polymerase chain reaction |
Heat the DNA and separate the strands then add polymerase that works when hot and add the bases with three phosphate groups then make copies of the DNA |
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What is electrophoresis |
A way to isolate DNA with use of positive and negative charges in a gel |
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what is agarose |
The gel used for electrophoresis |
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What is meant by blood is axenic |
There is no bacteria present |
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What is the function of the arteries |
To move blood from the heart to the rest the body |
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What is the function of the veins |
To move blood back to the heart |
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How many chambers are in the heart |
4 |
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What are the two upper chambers of the heart called |
Left and right atrium |
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What are the two lower chambers of the heart called |
Left and right ventricle |
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Septicemia |
Blood microbial infections |
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Bacteremia |
Bacterial blood infection |
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Toxemia |
toxins released into the blood |
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Lymphangitis |
Lymph microbial infection inflamed lymphatic vessels |
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What are some of the signs and symptoms of a blood and lymph infection |
Chills nausea diarrhea petechiae I |
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An infection in the blood or lymphatic system can lead to very low blood pressure because of |
systemic vasodilation |
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What is a cytotoxin |
A toxin that kills cells |
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What is a neurotoxin |
A toxin that acts on the nervous system |
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what is an exotoxin |
A toxin released by living bacterial cell into its surroundings |
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What is an endotoxin |
A toxin that is present inside a bacterial cell and is released when the cell disintegrates I. E. Gram negative cells |
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What endotoxin is released from dying gram-negative bacteria and where is it released from in the cell |
Lipid A Released from a portion of lipopolysaccharide outer membrane layer |
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what is pathogenicity |
How the microbe finds a way to circumvent the host immune system |
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What is an example of pathogenicity |
The bacteria has a capsule to resist phagocytosis |
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How can direct inoculation of bacteria in the blood occur |
Medical procedures non sterile needles operations or in the GI or respiratory tract |
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Why are gram-negative bacteria more likely to cause severe septicemia |
Because of lipotoxin A endotoxin activating nonspecific body defenses like cytokines, inflammatory molecules, coagulation also known as a disseminated intravascular coagulation or DIC |
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What is endocarditis |
An infection of the lining inside the heart chambers |
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What is formed during endocarditis |
Vegetations or masses of platelets and clotting proteins that can hide bacteria Vegetations can break free and form an embolus |
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What bug causes endocarditis |
More than half the keys are viridans streptococci |
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What are the symptoms of endocarditis |
Weakness, difficulty breathing, sounds of abnormal blood flow through the heart |
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What bacteria causes a greenish pigment when cultured in the blood |
Viridans streptococci |
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What is one of the main signs of zoonosis |
Undulent fever |
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What is the causative agent in zoonosis |
Brucella Melitensis |
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describe brucella Melitensis |
Gram Negative ,endotoxin, ability to grow and multiply in phagocytes |
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How do you get brucellosis |
Humans infected by consuming unpasteurized contaminated dairy products or direct contact with infected animal blood urine placenta It travels inside phagocytes in the body organs |
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What are the signs and symptoms of tularemia |
Skin lesion pus filled lymph nodes near the side of infection fevers chills |
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What is the causative agent in tularemia |
Francisella tularensis |
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Describe francisella tularensis |
Gram-negative coccobacillus Lipid capsule can survive in a phagocyte live in water or intercellular parasite of animals |
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What are the signs and symptoms of Lyme disease |
Expanding red rash that looks like a bullseye headache, stiff neck, joint pain, lymphadenopathy Later phases of the disease healed meningitis and encephalopathy Final phase least arthritis and can last for years |
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what is the causative agent of lyme disease |
Borrelia burgdorferi |
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Describe borrelia burgdorferi |
Does not use iron in electron transport chain uses manganese bypass the natural protection of human capability of hiding iron from microbes Can change after membrane proteins make it difficult for the immune cells to identify Endotoxin lipid A Gram-negative spirochetes |
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what is ELISA and what does it stand for |
A way to identify bacteria by looking for antigens with enzymes Enzyme Linked Immune sorbent Assay |
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