Chapter 8

Front 1

behavior that violates significant norms

Back 1

deviance

Front 2

not all ______ violations are considered deviant

Back 2

norms

Front 3

deviance varies from

Back 3

society to society

Front 4

how do you become deviant

Back 4

repeating an offense
commiting an act that has serious consequences for society

Front 5

a mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society

Back 5

stigma

Front 6

defines the voundaries of acceptable behaivor;punishment serves as a warning to others that certain behaivors will not be tolerated by society

Back 6

clarifyiing norms

Front 7

deviance drwas the line between conforming members of society and "outsiders"

Back 7

unifying the group

Front 8

minor acts fo deviance serve as a safety valve'participating in demonstrations

Back 8

diffusing tension

Front 9

deviance identifies problem areas

Back 9

promoting social change

Front 10

judges,lawyers,police officers,prison personnel,parole officers,crime reports

Back 10

providing jobs

Front 11

deviance is a natural part of society

Back 11

functionalist perspective

Front 12

views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values and structure of society

Back 12

robert merton's strain theory

Front 13

american society places a high value on certain_____,however not everyone has the legitimate____to acheive these goals

Back 13

robert mertons strain theory

Front 14

expalins the deviance in terms of power and equlity

Back 14

conflict perspective

Front 15

people with power commit deciant acts to _______________

Back 15

keep their power

Front 16

people without power commit deviant acts to___________or they have low self esteems abd fellings of powerlessness

Back 16

obtain economic rewards

Front 17

the ruling class labels any behaivor that threatens their power as deviant

Back 17

richard quincy

Front 18

look at how imteraction among indiviuals influences deviance

Back 18

interactionist perspective

Front 19

interested in why people comform;travis hirschi

Back 19

control theory

Front 20

among indivisuals determine conformity

Back 20

social ties

Front 21

development of bonds

Back 21

*form attachments to others who accept the norms/rules
*have a stronf belief int he moral codes of society
*show commitment to traditional values and goals
*involved in non deviant activities

Front 22

result of self control which is determined through socialization as a child

Back 22

conformity

Front 23

expalins deviance as a learned behaivor by interacting with others

Back 23

cultural transmission

Front 24

refers to the frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and non deviant indivsuals;edwin sutherland

Back 24

deferential association

Front 25

people suspend their moral beliefs to commit deviant acts skyes and matza's

Back 25

techniqes of neutralization

Front 26

accident;beyond his/her conotrol

Back 26

denying responsibility

Front 27

no one was hurt so i did nothing wrong

Back 27

denying injury

Front 28

he had it comming/she got what she deservered

Back 28

denying the victim

Front 29

police are corrupt

Back 29

condeming the authorities

Front 30

protect his family or protect a friend

Back 30

appelling to hgier authorities

Front 31

focuses in how indiviauals come to be identified as deviant

Back 31

labeling theory/lemert and becker

Front 32

nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority

Back 32

primary

Front 33

results in the indivisual being labeled as deviant and accepting the label as true

Back 33

secondary

Front 34

process of labeling someone as deviant(trial)

Back 34

degradation ceremony

Front 35

any act tha is labeled as such by those in authority ,is prohibited by law and is punishable by the government

Back 35

crime

Front 36

_________are more likely to be arrested

Back 36

men

Front 37

2/3 arrested are

Back 37

whites

Front 38

12% of __________in population account for 30% of arrest

Back 38

african americans

Front 39

1/2 of all arrest are under the age of _____

Back 39

25

Front 40

3/4 of all arrest are under the age of ______

Back 40

35

Front 41

published annually by the FBI major source cincerning crime in the US

Back 41

uniform crime report

Front 42

4 characteristics limitig the filing og formal crime reports

Back 42

*not all complaints go into the official statistics
*less likely to involve a crime involving friends and family
*police are more likely to file formal reports on serious crimes when upper class
*attitude of person making the complaint

Front 43

murder, forcible rape, robbery and aggravated assult

Back 43

viloent crime

Front 44

most victims of crime are

Back 44

african americans

Front 45

65% of murders involve

Back 45

guns

Front 46

burglary larcency motor vehicle theft arson

Back 46

crime against property

Front 47

harm no one but the person commiting the act

Back 47

victimless crime
*prostetutoin
*illegal gambling/drugs

Front 48

coined by sutherland;describe offenses commited by indivisuals of high social satus

Back 48

white collar crime
fraud tax evasion

Front 49

a large scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or buisness though violence or the treat of violence

Back 49

organized crime
drug traffiking and illegal gambling

Front 50

have considerable power to decide who is actually arrested

Back 50

police discretion

Front 51

5 factors considered previous to arrest

Back 51

*seroiusness of offense
*wishes of victims taking into consideration
*attitude of suspect
*bystanders present
*police are more likely to arrest african americans

Front 52

practice of assuming that nonwhites are more likely to commit crimes that whites

Back 52

racial profiling

Front 53

serves a two fold process
determines guilt or innocence of the accused
assigns some form of punishment

Back 53

court

Front 54

used 90% of the time process of legal negotiation that allowas an accused person to plead guilty to lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence

Back 54

plea barganing

Front 55

sanctions used to punish criminals

Back 55

corrections

Front 56

serves as an act of revenge

Back 56

retribution

Front 57

discourages offenders from commitinf future crimes and make the rest of society think twice before breaking laws

Back 57

deterrence

Front 58

prison is a place to reform criminals into law abiding citizens

Back 58

rehabilitaion

Front 59

prevents criminals from commiting future crimes

Back 59

social protection

Front 60

term for repeated criminal behavior

Back 60

recidivism