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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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electrolyte
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* A chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water.
* Essential to cellular function and transmission of impulses in nerve and muscle fibers. |
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arteriole
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Small artery.
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Bowman capsule
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Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus.
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calyx or calix
(plural: calyces or calices) |
Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis.
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cortical
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Means pertaining to the cortex.
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cortex
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Outer region.
EXAMPLE: the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney. |
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catheter
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Tube for injecting or removing fluids.
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creatinine clearance
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A measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine from the blood.
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creatinine
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Waste product of muscle metabolism, or nitrogen waste excreted in urine.
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erythropoietin (EPO)
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A hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow.
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glomerulus
(plural: glomeruli) |
* Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in cortex of kidney.
* Acts as a filter. Blood pressure forces materials through. |
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hilum
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Depression or hollow in that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.
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kidney
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One of two bean-shaped organs behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region.
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meatus
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Opening or canal.
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medulla
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Inner region.
EXAMPLE: the renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney. |
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medullary
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Means pertaining to the medulla.
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micturition
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Urination; the act of voiding
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nephron
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* Part of the kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place.
* It is the functional unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself. |
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nitrogenous waste
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Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine.
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potassium
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* An electrolyte important to body processes.
* The kidney regulates the balance of potassium concentration within the blood. |
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reabsorption
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In this process, the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.
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renal artery
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Blood vessel that carries blood towards the kidney.
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renal pelvis
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Central collecting region in the kidney.
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renal tubule
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* Microscopic tube in the kidney in which urine is formed after filtration.
* It alters the composition of urine by the processes of reabsorption and secretion. |
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renal vein
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Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart.
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renin
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* An enzymatic hormone that raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction.
* Synthesized, stored, and secreted by the kidney. |
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vasoconstriction
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Narrowing of blood vessels.
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sodium
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An electrolyte that is regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys.
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trigone
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Triangular area in the urinary bladder in which the ureters enter and the urethra exits.
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urea
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Major nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine.
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ureter
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Tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder.
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urethra
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Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
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uric acid
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A nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine.
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urinary bladder
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Hollow mascular sac that holds and stores urine.
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urination
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* Process of expelling urine.
* Also called micturition. |
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voiding
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Emptying of urine from the urinary bladder (urination or micturition)
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filtration
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Passive process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other material.
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