Chapter 7: States Of Consciousness

Front 1

consciousness

Back 1

our awareness of ourselves and our environ

Front 2

biologgical rhythems

Back 2

periodic psychological fluctuations
-annual clocks (seasonal affective disorder)
-28-day cycles
-24-hr cycles

Front 3

circadian rhythem

Back 3

thei bio clock: regular bodily rhythems (ex. temp) that occur on a 24 hr cycle

Front 4

seasonal affective disorder

Back 4

ppl (mainly far north) are depressed in winder

Front 5

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Back 5

pair of pinhead-sized clusters of 20000 cells that control the circadian clock, causing the pineal gland to decrease or increase it's production of melatonin (sleep inducer)

Front 6

Dr. Aserinsky (1952)

Back 6

gguy with kid with REM

Front 7

REM

Back 7

rapid eye mvmt sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vividdreams commonly ccur AKA paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed but the other body systems are active

Front 8

alpha waves

Back 8

relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed awake state

Front 9

sleep

Back 9

periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness-as distinct from unconsci resulting froma coma, ggeneral anesthesia or hibernation

Front 10

Stage 1 of Sleep

Back 10

may observe fantastic images resembeling hallucinations. these hypnagogic sensations may be incorporated into memory (ie. alian abductions)

Front 11

Stage 2 of Sleep

Back 11

characterized by sleep spindles (bursts of rapid rhythmic brainwave activity), can still be awakened fairly easily bur are clearly asleep

Front 12

Stage 3 of Sleep

Back 12

transitional stage (few minutes)

Front 13

Stage 4 of Sleep

Back 13

deep sleep. Brain emits delta waves (lg slow brain waves)
3&4 are slow wave sleep stages and last for approx 30 min during which you are hard to wake up
about an hour after fall asleep, ascent from innitial sleep dive, (return to stage 3 and 2), you enter REM

Front 14

Stage 5 of Sleep

Back 14

REM sleep: rapid sawtoothed brain waves (like (almost) ones in stage one). HR rises, irregular rapid breathing, every .5 min eyes dart around in momentary bursts of activity behind closed lids, aroused genitals, motor cortex is active but brainstem blockes its messages leaving your muscles relazed. eye mvmt= beginning of a dream. visual and auditory areas active (not in other stages). REM=longger as night wears on (4 shortens)

Front 15

Insomnia

Back 15

recurring problems in falling asleep or staying asleep

Front 16

narcolepsy

Back 16

sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. sufferer may laps directly into REM, often at innapropriate times (usually due to absense of hypothalmic neural center that produces hypocretin)

Front 17

sleep apnea

Back 17

sleep disorder characterized by tem cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings (usually unaware of this disorder)

Front 18

night terrors

Back 18

sleep disorder characterized by a high arousal and a appearance of beingg terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, and are seldom remembered w/in 2 or 3 horus of falling asleep

Front 19

dreams

Back 19

a sequence of images, emotions and thoughts passing gthrough a sleeping person's mind dreams are notable for their halluncinary imagery, discontinues and incongruities and for the dreamer's dilusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties rembering

Front 20

lucid dream

Back 20

dream w/o out knowing it

Front 21

manifest content

Back 21

Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent content or hidden content)

Front 22

latent content

Back 22

Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream

Front 23

Why do we dream?
5 reasons

Back 23

1. to satisfy our own wishes
2. to file away memories
3. to develop and preserve neural pathways
4. to make sense of neural static
5. to reflective cognative development

Front 24

Activation-synthesis theory

Back 24

random neural activity and dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of it

Front 25

REM Rebound

Back 25

the tendency of REM sleep to increase following REM deprivation (created by repeated awakenings duringg REM sleep)

Front 26

hypnosis

Back 26

a social interaction in which one person(the hyponatist) suggests to another (ths subject) that certain perceptions, or behaviors, thoughts and feelings will spontaneously occur

Front 27

Anton Mesmer

Back 27

hypnosis guy. thought he discovered "animal magnetism"

Front 28

Hypnotic ability

Back 28

ability to focus attentionally totally on a task, becomingg imaginatively absorbed in it to entertain fanciful possibilites

Front 29

age regression

Back 29

supposedability to relieve childhood experiences

Front 30

posthypontic suggggestions

Back 30

a suggestion, made during a hyp. session, to be carried out after the subject is no longger hyp; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

Front 31

dissociation

Back 31

a split consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to cocur simultaneously with others

Front 32

psychoactive drugs

Back 32

chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

Front 33

tolerance

Back 33

diminishing effect with regular ruse o same dose of drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect (neuroadaptation)

Front 34

withdrawl

Back 34

discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

Front 35

physical dependence

Back 35

a physiological need for a drug, makred by unpleasant withdrawl symptoms when the drug is discontinued

Front 36

psychlogical effects

Back 36

a scycho need to use a drug such as to relieve negative emotions

Front 37

addiction

Back 37

compulsive drug craving and use. often ignoring consequences of aches, nausea, distress followingg sudden withdrawl

Front 38

depressants

Back 38

drugs such as alcohol, barbiturates and opiates that reduce neural activity and slow body fcns

Front 39

alcohol

Back 39

slows brain activity. depressant

Front 40

barbiturates

Back 40

drugs that depress the activity of CNS, reducing anxiety but imparing memory and judgement (tranquilizers)

Front 41

Opiates

Back 41

opium and it's derivitives (morphine and heroion); depress neural activity, temporarily lesseningg pain and activity

Front 42

stimulants

Back 42

drugs (camffine, nicotine and cocaine and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body fcns

Front 43

amphetamines

Back 43

drugs that stim neural activity causing sped up body fcns and associated energy and mood changes (ie. cocaine and Ectasy)

Front 44

methamphetamine

Back 44

pwerfully addictive drug that stim the CNS with speeded up body fcns and assoc energy and mood changes; overtime appears to reduce baseline effect of dopamine levels

Front 45

cocaine

Back 45

amphetamine. fast track from euphoria to crash

Front 46

ecstasy (MDMA)

Back 46

amphetamine. a systematic hallucinoggen. produces euphoria and social intaimacy but with S-T health risks and L-T harm to serotonin producing neurons and mood and cognition

Front 47

hallucinogens

Back 47

psychedelic drugs (LSD) that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absense of sensory input

Front 48

LSD

Back 48

Albert Hofmann (creator) a pwrful hallucinogenic drug commonly known as acid. LSD trips vary from euphoria to detachment to panic. geometric shapes, meaningful shapes

Front 49

Marijuana

Back 49

THC- major active ingredient in mari jane, triggers a veriety of effects including mild hallucinations

Front 50

dopamine reward circuit

Back 50

breain pleasure pathway

Front 51

near-death experiences

Back 51

altered st of conscious reported after close bruth with death (ie. cardiac arrest); often to drug induced halls. temporary loss of o2 to brain. temporal love seizure (profound experience)

Front 52

Dualists

Back 52

presumption that mind and body are 2 distinct entities that interact

Front 53

Monism

Back 53

presumptions that mind and body are diff aspects of same thing

Front 54

kubler-ross

Back 54

steps of grieving:
denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance