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22 Cards in this Set

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How many % patient have a noncontguous verbral fracture if they already have a cervical spine fracture

10%

What do you do with patients who have had long spinal board for more than 2 hours

Log roll every 2 hours

Draw and describe the spinal cord tracts

Posterior medial: Dorsal column


Posterior lateral: Corticospinal


Anterior lateral: Spinothalamic

What are the functions and tests for


a) Dorsal column


b) Corticospinal


c) Spinothalamic

a) Posistion, vibtration, light touch


b) Motor movements


c) Temperature and pain

What is neurogenic shock and what are the phsiological consequences

Loss of sympathetic innervations


1. To heart


=> bradycardia, heart failure



2. To blood vessels


=> hypotension



Treatment consider


1. atropine to counteract bradycardia


2. vasopressors to counteract vasodilation

The simpsons (sympathetics) are neurotic and shocking (neurogenic shock).

What is spinal shock

Refers to flaccidity

What levels innervates the diaphragm

C3-5 via phrenic nerve

What are the 4 classifications of spinal cord injury

1. Level


2. Severity


3. Spinal cord syndromes


4. Morphology

Playing attack the spine game


Level 1


Several Sinners (syndromes) morph into monsters

At what level do you differentiate para to quad patietns

T1

Are are levels defined

Neurological levels


Bony levels


How is severity defined

Incomplete/complete paraplegia


Incomplete/complete quadriplegia

What is central cord syndrome and how does it happen

Hyperextension after fall face vs ground.



Vascular compromise of anterior spinal artery



More weaker upper extremities compared to lower

Centre of weak arms and stong legs

What is anterior cord syndrome and how does it present

Infaraction of the cord by anterior spinal.



Loss of pain and temperature but intact proprioception

Aunty (anterior) walk on fire but knows exactly where she is

Brown sequard syndrome


a) cause


b) presentation

a) Caused by penetraing injury


b) Ipsilateral loss of


- motor


- proprioception


Contralateral loss of


- Pain and temperature few levels below

Brown person got scared (sequard) and stabbed someone

In shaken baby syndrom what is fractures

Atlanto occiptal dislocation

In C1 rotary subluxation what is the management

Immobilisation do not overcome forced rotation

What is involved in type II ondontoid fracture

Fracture of of the base of the dens and this is the most common

What is the most common level of fracture in adult

C5

What is absolutely necessary when a patient comes with cervical tenderness

Cervical spine film/CT if available

Should removal of longboards wait for final radiographic interpretation

No

What is at risk with spinal injury above c6

repiration

What is the general management strategy of spinal trauma

1. Immobilisation


2. IVF


3. Medications


4. Imaging


5. Transfer