Chapter 7-Skeletal System

Front 1

Function of skeletal system

Back 1

1. protects soft parts of the body and locations where vital organs are found
2. supports
3. provides form
4.allows for muscle attachment for movement
5. stores mineral-calcium/phosphorous
6. production of blood cells in the red marrow

Front 2

skeletal cartilage

Back 2

1. associated with bones; non vascular (has no blood vessels)

Front 3

chondrocytes

Back 3

skeletal cartilage contains these specialized cells that make up the cartilage in cavities of bone (lacunae)

Front 4

perichondrium

Back 4

a membrane that surrounds most cartilage except in joints. serves to protect the cartilage and its VASCULAR; sourace of blood for the cartilage

Front 5

skeletal bone

Back 5

vascular; hardest substance in body because stores mineral salts

Front 6

periosteum

Back 6

tough, connective tissue covering the bone protecting the bone from surrounding tissue

Front 7

osteoblasts

Back 7

bone cells that build the bone; forms the bone

Front 8

Outer portion of bone

Back 8

hard and compact

Front 9

inner portion of bone

Back 9

spongy

Front 10

trabeculae

Back 10

bony portion of the spongy bone

Front 11

osteoclasts

Back 11

dissolve bone so that the medullary cavity can enlarge.

Front 12

yellow marrow

Back 12

containing fat cells; present in medullary cavity

Front 13

red bone marrow

Back 13

contains immature red blood cells; present in spongy portion of bones

Front 14

diaphysis, shaft

Back 14

middle part of long bone made of compact bone with hollow tube down the middle

Front 15

medullary cavity

Back 15

hollow space inside the diaphysis that contains yellow bone marrow in adults and red bone marrow in children

Front 16

epiphyses

Back 16

ends of bone; made of spongy bone that contains red bone marrow

Front 17

articular cartilage

Back 17

thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers each epiphysis; provides a cushion

Front 18

periosteum

Back 18

strong, fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of a bone everywhere except at joint surfaces

Front 19

endosteum

Back 19

thin membrane that lines medullary cavity

Front 20

osteon

Back 20

cylindrical shaped structure in compact bone that is that structural unit of the compact bone

Front 21

lamella

Back 21

circular layers of calcified matrix in the osteon

Front 22

lacunae

Back 22

small hollow spaces in bone matrix where osteocytes can be found

Front 23

canaliculi

Back 23

small tubes that radiate out from the haversian canal and carries nutrients to osteocytes of the osteon

Front 24

intramembranous bone formation

Back 24

1. bone is formed directly on or within a fibrous membrane
2. there is no precursor of cartilage
3. examples of this type of bone are the flat bones of the skill and lower jaw

Front 25

intracartilagenous (endochondral)

Back 25

1. preceeded in the embryo by a replica of hyaline cartilage

Front 26

cartilage bones

Back 26

long, short, and irregular shaped bones that make up most of the skeleton.

Front 27

epiphyseal plate

Back 27

growth plate that is cartilage between epiphyses and diaphysis that remains until skeletal maturity allowing for bone growth

Front 28

epiphyseal line

Back 28

bone that replaces epiphyseal plate (cartilage) when growth ceases

Front 29

axial skeleton

Back 29

(80 bones) made of the skull, spine, ribs and sternum

Front 30

appendicular skeleton

Back 30

(126 bones) includes the upper extremeties, shoulder, lower extremeties and pelvic girdle

Front 31

closed or simple fracture

Back 31

the fracture does not puncture the skin

Front 32

open or compound fracture

Back 32

the fracture breaks the skin

Front 33

traumatic fracture

Back 33

a result of an accident

Front 34

pathologic fracture

Back 34

a break caused by a diseased bone

Front 35

bones that function in hematopoiesis- the formation of blood cells

Back 35

1. flat bones of the skull
2. vertebrae
3. proximal end of the humerus
4. sternum
5. ribs
6. iliac crest
7. proximal end of the femur

Front 36

long bones

Back 36

having an epiphysis and diaphysis (humerus, femur)

Front 37

short bones

Back 37

phalanges

Front 38

flat bone

Back 38

bones of the skull

Front 39

irregular bones

Back 39

carpal and tarsal bones

Front 40

wormian bones

Back 40

a piece of bone located within a structure

Front 41

sesamoid bone

Back 41

found inside a tendon such as the patella

Front 42

arthrology

Back 42

the study of joints

Front 43

synarthroses-

Back 43

completely immovable joints

Front 44

amphiarthroses

Back 44

slightly movable joints using cartilage to connect bone together

Front 45

diarthroses

Back 45

frrely movable joints and are the majority of joints in the body

Front 46

ball and socket

Back 46

in the shoulder and hip where there is the most free movement

Front 47

hinge

Back 47

in the elbow and knee and allows for movement in two directions

Front 48

pivot

Back 48

have rotational movement as in the neck and the heads of the radius and ulna

Front 49

saddle joints

Back 49

allows for movement side to side and back and forth as found in the thumb

Front 50

gliding

Back 50

movement in two different planes as bone move past one another as in the carpal and tarsal bones

Front 51

synovial joints

Back 51

free moving joints
1. each has a joint cavity
2. they have articular cartilage
3. synovial cavity contains a fluid secreted by a membrane used to lubricate and nourish the cartilage

Front 52

disloaction (subluxation)

Back 52

occurs when the two ends of connecting bones are no linger in proper contact

Front 53

sprain

Back 53

an even in which the ligaments becomes injured

Front 54

strain

Back 54

an injury in which a muscle or tendon is damaged usually because of stretching too much

Front 55

arthritis

Back 55

a disease in which synovial membranes are inflammed because of injury, infection, or immunity or genetic factors

Front 56

greenstick fracture

Back 56

fracture in the bone, occurring typically in children, one side is broken, and the other is only bent