Chapter 7 Plants And Photosynthesis

Front 1

algae

Back 1

-simplest plant
-produces 90% of air

Front 2

why must algae live in the water?

Back 2

because it lacks roots

Front 3

green algae

Back 3

food is stored as starch

Front 4

golden algae

Back 4

-food is stored as oil
-has a "skeleton" made of silica

Front 5

dinolagellates or "red tide"

Back 5

-contains flagella to swim
-produces toxin that poisons fish

Front 6

brown and red or "seaweed"

Back 6

multicellular

Front 7

moss

Back 7

simple land plant that lacks roots

Front 8

rhizoids

Back 8

-extensions of single cells that increase water absorption
-no tubes to transport water to other cells

Front 9

tracteophytes

Back 9

land palnts with tubes to transport water

Front 10

ferns

Back 10

-form fronds (leaves)
-form spores instead of seeds

Front 11

gymnosperms

Back 11

-embryo inside the seed is protected and has food

Front 12

Why do plants with gymnosperms not spread very far?

Back 12

because the seeds are not contained in fruit, the seeds are exposed in the cone, thus they are not very good at reproduction

Front 13

angiosperms

Back 13

flowering plants

Front 14

monocot

Back 14

1 seed leaf

Front 15

dicot

Back 15

2 seed leaf

Front 16

name the parts of a plant and their purpose

Back 16

roots- absorb water, anchor plants
stems-transport
leaves-photosynthesis

Front 17

cortex

Back 17

stores food, contains phlowm tubes

Front 18

pericycle tubes

Back 18

promotes gorownt to the side

Front 19

capilliary action

Back 19

water "sticks to the sides of the tube" (adhesion) and the water molecules stick to each other (cohesion)

Front 20

osmosis

Back 20

causes root pressure and water rises 2-3 feet

Front 21

transpiration pull

Back 21

water evaporates off the leaf surface, cohesion pulls the next water molecule, which pulls the next water molecule, etc.

Front 22

plant hormones

Back 22

chemicals that influence cell activities

Front 23

auxins

Back 23

cause growth of cells in response to the stimulus

Front 24

stimulus

Back 24

anything in the plant's enviornment that changes

Front 25

tropism

Back 25

movement of a plant toward or away from a stimulus

Front 26

photo-

Back 26

light

Front 27

gravi-
or
geo-

Back 27

gravity

Front 28

thigmo-

Back 28

touch

Front 29

apical dominance

Back 29

apex of a stem grows straight up and prevents lateral growth

Front 30

cytokinins

Back 30

-cause cell divisions, encourage lateral growth
-cause dormant seeds to sprout

Front 31

gibberellins

Back 31

cause very rapid stem and fruit growth

Front 32

ethylene gas

Back 32

causes fruit to ripen

Front 33

Why are plants green?

Back 33

because the color green is the only color not absorbed by a plant and thus reflected

Front 34

what does photosynthesis do?

Back 34

use light to put together and make food from water and carbon dioxide

Front 35

What is the chemical formula/summary of photosynthesis?

Back 35

6CO2+12H20 -(LIGHT)-> C6H1206+6O2+6H2O

Front 36

grana

Back 36

membranes of chloroplast that allow light reactions to occur

Front 37

stroma

Back 37

spaces in chloroplasts that allow the dark reactions to occur

Front 38

xylem

Back 38

the tissue that conducts water and minerals from the roots upward through the plant, helps to support the plant

Front 39

phleom

Back 39

transports products of photosynthesis

Front 40

root hairs

Back 40

tiny projections that cover the epedermis of a root and penetrate soil particles and make an area for water to enter the plant

Front 41

cortex

Back 41

a spongy laer of ground tissue

Front 42

vascular cylinder

Back 42

a central region containing the phloem and xylem that is enclosed by the endodermis

Front 43

root cap

Back 43

protects the root as it pushes down into the ground

Front 44

Endodermis

Back 44

layer of cells that surround the xylem, last checkpoint for water and minerals (screen for apoplastic route)

Front 45

vascular bundles

Back 45

(vein) holds xylem and phloem

Front 46

pith

Back 46

parenchyma cells inside a ring of vascular tissue

Front 47

primary growth

Back 47

growth that increases the length or height of a plant at its tips

Front 48

What is primary growth produced by?

Back 48

cell divisions in the apical meristem

Front 49

apical meristem

Back 49

a group of undifferentiated cells that divide to produce increased length of stems and roots

Front 50

cork

Back 50

old nonfunctioning phloem that protects the tree

Front 51

cork cambium

Back 51

protective layer of cork

Front 52

phleom

Back 52

transports sugars produced by photosynthesis

Front 53

vascular cambium

Back 53

produces new xylem and phleom (increases the width of a stem)

Front 54

xylem

Back 54

transports water and wood (sap)

Front 55

middle of tree

Back 55

contains old nonfunctioning xylem that helps support the tree

Front 56

stomata

Back 56

pore-like openings in the underside of a leaf that allows CO2 and O to diffuse in and out of the leaf

Front 57

mesophyll

Back 57

ground tissue packed with chloroplasts and carry out most photosynthetic activity of most plants

Front 58

palisade mesophyll

Back 58

absorbs the light that enters a plant

Front 59

spongy mesophyll

Back 59

tissue with many air spaces that allow carbon dioxide and oxygen in and out of the leaf

Front 60

guard cells

Back 60

specialized cells in the epidermis that control the opening and closing of stomata by responding to changes in water pressure